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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Nocardiosis y bronquiectasias. ¿Una asociación infrecuente?
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Vol. 23. Issue 2.
Pages 62-66 (February 2005)
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Vol. 23. Issue 2.
Pages 62-66 (February 2005)
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Nocardiosis y bronquiectasias. ¿Una asociación infrecuente?
Nocardiosis and bronchiectasis. An uncommon association?
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Adelaida Ferrera,
Corresponding author
aferrer@vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Dra. A. Ferrer. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. P.° Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
, Víctor Llorença, Gemma Codinaa, Javier de Gracia-Roldánb
a Servicios de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicios de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
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Objetivo

La nocardiosis es una enfermedad de difícil diagnóstico que, en contadas ocasiones, se ha asociado a bronquiectasias y/o fibrosis quística. Se analizan las características clínico-microbiológicas de 40 pacientes en los que se aislaron microorganismos pertenecientes al complejo Nocardia asteroides.

Métodos

Se estudiaron 27 varones y 13 mujeres, con una media de edad de 45 años (8-82). Se aisló Nocardia spp. en 129 muestras. El cultivo se realizó por métodos convencionales, utilizándose además BCYE-α modificado (m) al visualizarse bacilos grampositivos ramificados en el examen microscópico.

Resultados

En el 77,5% de los casos la investigación de Nocardia spp. estuvo motivada por el examen microscópico, en 6 pacientes fue un hallazgo fortuito en medio BCYE-α (m) y sólo en 3 pacientes existía la sospecha clínica de nocardiosis. Tenían nocardiosis 25 pacientes (5 infecciones diseminadas y 20 pulmonares) y los 15 restantes estaban colonizados. El factor de riesgo más frecuente en las infecciones, diseminadas o no, fue la utilización de glucocorticoides por vía sistémica (p = 0,001), la enfermedad de base que más se asoció a todos los cuadros clínicos fueron las bronquiectasias (80%), asociadas o no a fibrosis quística (FQ). Se produjeron 7 muertes y 2 pacientes presentaron secuelas neurológicas.

Conclusiones

Las bronquiectasias suponen un factor importante de riesgo para la colonización (p = 0,01) en todos los pacientes y para la infección (p = 0,05) por Nocardia spp. en los pacientes sin fibrosis quística. La utilización del medio de BCYE-α (m) en el procesamiento de las secreciones respiratorias facilitó extraordinariamente el aislamiento de Nocardia spp.

Palabras clave:
Nocardia asteroides
Bronquiectasias
Fibrosis quística
Diagnóstico microbiológico
Objective

Nocardiosis is difficult to diagnose and infrequently associated with bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis. This study analyzes the clinical and microbiological characteristics of 40 patients in whom microorganisms belonging to the Nocardia asteroids complex were isolated.

Methods

We studied 27 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 45 years (8-82). Nocardia spp. were isolated in 129 samples. Cultures were performed with conventional methods; additionally, when branching Gram-positive bacilli were visualized on microscopic examination, modified BCYE-α (m) medium was used.

Results

In 77.5% of the cases, investigation for Nocardia spp. was based on microscopy findings, in six patients it was a fortuitous finding in BCYE-α (m) medium, and in only three patients nocardiosis was clinically suspected. Twenty-five patients had nocardiosis (5 disseminated infection and 20 lung infection) and the remaining 15 were colonized. The most frequent risk factor in the infections, whether disseminated or not, was systemic glucocorticoid use (P =.001). The most frequent underlying pathology was bronchiectasis (80%), associated or not with cystic fibrosis. There were seven deaths and two patients had neurological sequelae.

Conclusions

Bronchiectasis was an important risk factor for colonization by Nocardia spp. (P = 0.01) in all the patients studied, and for infection (P = 0.05) in patients without cystic fibrosis. The use of BCYE-α (m) medium in processing respiratory secretions highly facilitated the isolation of Nocardia spp.

Keywords:
Nocardia asteroides
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Microbiologic diagnosis
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Copyright © 2005. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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