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En la última década se ha constatado un aumento progresivo de los casos de infecciones de transmisión sexual en el territorio europeo. Las causas de este aumento no están claras, pero parece influido por cambios en las conductas sociales, los fenómenos migratorios y los viajes internacionales, junto con la aparición de grupos de riesgo no suficientemente valorados hasta ahora. La utilización habitual de técnicas de diagnóstico molecular para muchas de estas infecciones ha resuelto muchos problemas de sensibilidad e idoneidad de las muestras para el diagnóstico microbiológico, pudiéndose emplear muestras no invasivas, y ha contribuido, sin duda, a este aumento de casos. Por otro lado, los métodos moleculares también se van implantando en el estudio de la sensibilidad a los antibióticos y antivirales, así como para la caracterización molecular de los aislados. Todo lo anterior, junto a la aprobación de la vacuna frente al virus del papiloma humano, ha cambiado el panorama de las infecciones de transmisión sexual en el territorio europeo.
Palabras clave:
Infecciones de transmisión sexual
Epidemiología
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
In the last decade, cases of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) have progressively increased in Europe. The reasons for this increase are unclear, but may involve changes in social behavior, migration and international travel, coupled with the emergence of risk groups that have not been taken into sufficient consideration to date.
The routine use of molecular diagnostic techniques for many of these infections has solved many problems of sensitivity and the suitability of samples for microbiological diagnosis: non-invasive samples can be used, which has undoubtedly contributed to the increase in the number of cases. Moreover, molecular methods have also been introduced for antibiotic and antiviral susceptibility testing, as well as for molecular characterization of clinical isolates. All of these factors, together with the approval of the vaccine against the human papillomavirus, have changed the landscape of STIs across Europe.
Key words:
Sexually transmitted infections
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
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