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El desarrollo de pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico micológico no ha dejado de aumentar en los últimos años debido al incremento en la prevalencia de las infecciones fúngicas y a la lentitud en alcanzar un diagnóstico mediante las técnicas microbiológicas clásicas. Estas pruebas moleculares están diseñadas para resolver los siguientes aspectos del diagnóstico micológico: a) identificación de especie mediante secuenciación de dianas taxonómicamente relevantes; b) diagnóstico clínico precoz de las infecciones fúngicas; c) detección de los mecanismos de resistencia a los antifúngicos, y d) tipificación subespecífica de cepas clínicas. Actualmente, estas metodologías siguen circunscritas a centros de referencia tecnológicamente avanzados. No obstante, parece probable que, en breve, algunas de estas técnicas estarán disponibles en los laboratorios asistenciales.
Palabras clave:
Técnicas moleculares
Infecciones fúngicas
Diagnóstico
An increasing number of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of fungal infections have been developed in the last few years, due to the growing prevalence of mycoses and the length of time required for diagnosis when classical microbiological methods are used. These methods are designed to resolve the following aspects of mycological diagnosis: a) Identification of fungi to species level by means of sequencing relevant taxonomic targets; b) early clinical diagnosis of invasive fungal infections; c) detection of molecular mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents; and d) molecular typing of fungi. Currently, these methods are restricted to highly developed laboratories. However, some of these techniques will probably be available in daily clinical practice in the near future.
Key words:
Molecular techniques
Fungal infections
Diagnosis
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