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En los últimos años, los grandes avances de la medicina en el tratamiento de los pacientes trasplantados, con enfermedades hematooncológicas o ingresados en la UCI, se han acompañado de un aumento de las infecciones fúngicas clásicas y de la emergencia de algunas poco habituales. A pesar de la aparición de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico, como la de galactomanano, y de la disponibilidad de nuevos antifúngicos, estas infecciones oportunistas siguen siendo difíciles de diagnosticar, alargan la estancia hospitalaria, aumentan el coste y todavía tienen una mortalidad elevada. En este capítulo se incluye una breve revisión sobre la epidemiología, los avances diagnósticos y los nuevos antifúngicos que han aparecido en los últimos años.
Palabras clave:
Candidiasis invasivas
Aspergilosis invasivas
Detección de galactomanano
Detección de beta-D-glucano
In the last few years, major advances in the treatment of transplant recipients, with hemato-oncological diseases or admitted to the intensive care unit, has been accompanied by an increase in classical fungal infections and by the emergence of uncommon fungal infections. Despite the development of new diagnostic techniques such as galactomannan detection and the availability of new antifungal agents, these opportunistic infections continue to pose a diagnostic challenge, prolong length of hospital stay, and increase costs. In addition, mortality from these infections is high. The present chapter provides a brief review of the epidemiology of these infections, diagnostic advances, and the new antifungal agents that have been developed in the last few years.
Key words:
Invasive candidiasis
Invasive aspergillosis
Galactomannan detection
Beta D glucan assay
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