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Original article
Available online 13 May 2024
Prospective study for the early detection of lung carcinoma in patients with HIV infection (GESIDA study 8815)
Estudio prospectivo para la detección precoz de carcinoma pulmonar en pacientes con infección por VIH (estudio GESIDA 8815)
M. Eulalia Valenciaa,
Corresponding author
, Tatiana Pirogovaa, Delia Romeraa, Marta Monterob, María Tasíasb, José Sanzc, Alberto Arranzc, Jorge Vergasd, M. Jesús Tellezd, Francisco Fanjule, Antoni Campinse, Miguel Cerverof, Inmaculada Jarríng, Marta de Miguelh, Luz Martín Carboneroa, María Yllescash, Juan Gonzáleza
a Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
c Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
d Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
e Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
f Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
g Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
h Fundación SEIMC-GESIDA, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Timeline of study visits and CT scans.
Table 2. Socio-demographic data associated with HIV, smoking and lung cancer at the baseline visit.
Table 3. Information on the outcome of the CT scan at the baseline and follow-up visits.
Table 4. Socio-demographic characteristics associated with HIV, smoking and lung cancer at the baseline visit by lung cancer diagnosis at follow-up.
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Abstract
Introduction

Lung cancer (LC) screening detects tumors early. The prospective GESIDA 8815 study was designed to assess the usefulness of this strategy in HIV + people (PLHIV) by performing a low-radiation computed tomography (CT) scan.

Patients and methods

371 heavy smokers patients were included (>20 packs/year), >45 years old and with a CD4+ <200 mm3 nadir. One visit and CT scan were performed at baseline and 4 for follow-up time annually.

Results

329 patients underwent the baseline visit and CT (CT0) and 206 completed the study (CT1 = 285; CT2 = 259; CT3 = 232; CT4 = 206). All were receiving ART. A total >8 mm lung nodules were detected, and 9 early-stage PCs were diagnosed (4 on CT1, 2 on CT2, 1 on CT3 and 2 on CT4). There were no differences between those who developed LC and those who did not in sex, age, CD4+ nadir, previous lung disease, family history, or amount of packets/year. At each visit, other pathologies were diagnosed, mainly COPD, calcified coronary artery and residual tuberculosis lesions. At the end of the study, 38 patients quit smoking and 75 reduced their consumption. Two patients died from LC and 16 from other causes (p = 0.025).

Conclusions

The design of the present study did not allow us to define the real usefulness of the strategy. Adherence to the test progressively decreased over time. The diagnosis of other thoracic pathologies is very frequent. Including smokers in an early diagnosis protocol for LC could help to quit smoking.

Keywords:
Early diagnosis
Lung cancer
Low radiation CT
Resumen
Introducción

El cribado de cáncer de pulmón (CP) detecta tumores precozmente. El estudio prospectivo GESIDA 8815 se diseñó para valorar la utilidad de esta estrategia en personas VIH+ (PVVIH) mediante la realización de una tomografía computarizada (TC) de baja radiación.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyeron 371 pacientes grandes fumadores (>20 paquetes-año), >45 años y con nadir de CD4+<200mm3. Se realizó una visita y TC basal y 4 de seguimiento anualmente.

Resultados

Realizaron la visita y TC basal (TC0) 329 pacientes y completaron el estudio 206 (TC1 = 285; TC2 = 259; TC3 = 232; TC4 = 206). Todos recibían TAR. Se detectaron 35 nódulos pulmonares > 8 mm y se diagnosticaron 9 CP en estadio precoz (4 en TC1, 2 en TC2, 1 en TC3 y 2 en TC4). No existieron diferencias entre los que desarrollaron CP y los que no en sexo, edad, nadir CD4+, patología pulmonar previa, antecedentes familiares ni número de paquetes/año. En cada visita se diagnosticaron otras patologías fundamentalmente EPOC, coronarias calcificadas y lesiones residuales de tuberculosis. Al finalizar el estudio 38 pacientes dejaron de fumar y 75 redujeron el consumo. Fallecieron 2 pacientes por CP y 16 por otras causas (p = 0,025).

Conclusiones

El diseño del presente estudio no permitió definir la utilidad real de la estrategia. La adherencia a la prueba disminuyó progresivamente a lo largo del tiempo. Es muy frecuente el diagnóstico de otras patologías torácicas. Incluir a pacientes fumadores en un protocolo de diagnóstico precoz de CP podría ayudar a dejar de fumar.

Palabras clave:
Diagnóstico precoz
Cáncer de pulmón
TC baja radiación

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