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Inicio Enfermería Clínica Uso profiláctico de apósitos de silicona para minimizar las lesiones por presi...
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Vol. 33. Issue 1.
Pages 4-13 (January - February 2023)
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Vol. 33. Issue 1.
Pages 4-13 (January - February 2023)
Original
Uso profiláctico de apósitos de silicona para minimizar las lesiones por presión: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Prophylactic use of silicone dressing to minimize pressure injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Sk Sadia Rahman-Synthiaa, Sumeet Kumarb, Sukhman Boparaic, Swatika Guptad, Ali Mohtashime,
Corresponding author
alimohtashim12345@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Danish Alif
a Department of Medicine, Samorita Medical College and Hospital, Daca, Bangladés
b Department of Medicine, Chawla Medical Center, Kashmore, Pakistán
c Department of Medicine, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Science and Hospital, Jammu, India
d Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission College and Hospital, Nueva Bombay, India
e Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistán
f Department of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublín, Irlanda
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Abstract
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Resumen
Objetivo

La prevención de las lesiones por presión (LPP) adquiridas en el hospital en pacientes críticos sigue siendo un reto clínico importante debido a su alto riesgo de comorbilidad asociada. Se evaluó la eficacia preventiva de los apósitos de silicona en los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y en entornos no relacionados con dichas unidades.

Métodos

Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 3bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central) desde el inicio hasta diciembre de 2021. Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluaban la eficacia de los apósitos de silicona en la incidencia de LPP en la zona sacra. Las evaluaciones se informaron como ratios de riesgo relativo (RR) con intervalos de confianza al 95% y el análisis se hizo mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios.

Resultados

De los 1.056 artículos recuperados en la búsqueda inicial, se incluyeron 11estudios en el análisis final. Los apósitos de silicona redujeron significativamente la incidencia de LPP en comparación con la atención habitual (RR: 0,30; IC 95%: 0,19-0,45; p<0,01). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los resultados de los estudios en contextos de cuidados intensivos (RR=0,25; IC 95%: 0,15-0,43; p<0,01) y en contextos de cuidados no intensivos (RR=0,38; IC 95%: 0,17-0,83; p=0,01) (interacción de p: 0,39). Los apósitos de silicona redujeron el riesgo de desarrollar LPP entre los pacientes que utilizaron el apósito de espuma de 5capas Border (Mepilex® Sacrum) (RR: 0,31; IC 95%: 0,20-0,48; p<0,01) y el apósito Allevyn Gentle Border® (RR: 0,10; IC 95%: 0,01-0,73; p=0,02) sin diferencias significativas tras el análisis de subgrupos (interacción de p: 0,27).

Conclusión

El presente metaanálisis señala que los apósitos de silicona reducen de forma consistente la incidencia de las LPP en entornos de cuidados intensivos y no intensivos, independientemente del tipo de apósito utilizado.

Palabras clave:
Heridas y lesiones
Apósito de silicona
Apósitos
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos
Abstract
Objective

Preventing hospital-acquired pressure injuries (PI) in critically ill patients remains a significant clinical challenge because of its associated high risk for comorbid conditions. We assessed the preventive effectiveness of silicone dressings among patients admitted in intensive care units and non-intensive care units settings.

Methods

A literature search was conducted across 3electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central) from inception through December 2021. Studies assessing the effectiveness of silicone dressing on the incidence of PI on the sacral area were included. evaluations were reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval, and analysis was performed using a random-effects model.

Results

Of the 1,056 articles retrieved from the initial search, 11studies were included in the final analysis. Silicone dressings significantly reduced the incidence of PI compared to usual care (RR: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.19-0.45, P<0.01). We found no significant difference between results of studies conducted in intensive care settings (RR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.15-0.43, P<0.01) and non-intensive care settings (RR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.83, P=0.01) (P-interaction: 0.39). Silicone dressings reduced the risk of developing PI among patients using five-layer foam Border dressing (Mepilex® Sacrum) (RR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20-0.48, P<0.01), and dressing Allevyn Gentle Border® (RR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.73, P=0.02) with no significant difference upon subgroup analysis (P-interaction: 0.27).

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis suggests that silicone dressings consistently reduce the incidence of PI in intensive as well as in non-intensive care settings, regardless of the type of dressing used.

Keywords:
Wounds and injuries
Silicone dressing
Pressure ulcer
Occlusive dressings
Intensive Care Units

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