The experience of parents implementing authoritarian parenting for their school-age children
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"documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2018;28 Supl 1:116-21" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 435 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 48 "HTML" => 224 "PDF" => 163 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Family experiences in communicating with family members experiencing social isolation after hospitalization" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "116" "paginaFinal" => "121" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Mega Lestari Khoirunnisa, Achir Yani Syuhaimie Hamid, Novy Helena Catharina Daulima" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mega Lestari" "apellidos" => "Khoirunnisa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Achir Yani" "apellidos" => "Syuhaimie Hamid" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Novy Helena" "apellidos" => "Catharina Daulima" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862118300494?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000028000000S1/v4_201810090949/S1130862118300494/v4_201810090949/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The experience of parents implementing authoritarian parenting for their school-age children" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "122" "paginaFinal" => "125" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Marice Benga Olla, Novy Helena Catharina Daulima, Yossie Susanti Eka Putri" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marice" "apellidos" => "Benga Olla" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Novy Helena" "apellidos" => "Catharina Daulima" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "novi_hc@ui.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yossie Susanti" "apellidos" => "Eka Putri" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Poltekkes Kemenkes Maluku, Maluku, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, West Java, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A child is fundamentally dependent on his or her parents, including efforts to achieve developmental tasks. Obstacles in achieving the tasks of child development can cause feelings of inferiority, aggressiveness, and failure to socialize<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. Parents basically want their children to grow and develop normally, but sometimes parents do not aware that the parenting style they employ, such as authoritarian parenting, can have negative effects on their children.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authoritarian parenting tends to be inconsistent, less nurturing, does not accept the autonomy or freedom of children has less response to and support for children, and uses harsh discipline and punishment against children. Authoritarian parents require children to obey, and if they do not, they will be punished which can negatively affect their selfesteem and academic achievement<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. Corporal punishment is almost the same as child abuse, so if corporal punishment is done in an excessive manner, it can become child abuse<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission in 2015 concluded that the number of child abuse cases increases every year. Based on a field study from 2011 to 2015, parenting-related cases were the second highest cases of child abuse in Indonesia, accounting for approximately 3,160 cases. In the province of Maluku, many parents still use authoritarian parenting accompanied by violent<a name="p2"></a> behaviors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The negative impacts of authoritarian parenting must be anticipated and prevented. Thus, it is critical to provide sufficient information for parents to better understand appropriate parenting styles. In addition, the provision of information is also needed to help parents avoid authoritarian parenting.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of parents using the authoritarian parenting style in caring for their school-age children. A sample of six people participated in this study with the inclusion criteria of parents with school-age children using the authoritarian parenting style. The Parenting Style Questionnaire (Robinson, 1995) was used in the early stages to ensure that all participants in this study were using the authoritarian parenting style. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was conducted in the Central Maluku district, Maluku province, after the ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Nursing at Universitas Indonesia to ensure that the research would adhere to the ethical principles of beneficence, justice, and respect for human dignity<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.</span> Informed consent was given at the beginning of the meeting with the participants, accompanied by an explanation of the purpose, procedures, participants’ rights, and how long participants would be involved in the research.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study employed Colaizzi's method to process and analyze the data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>. Six participants involved in this study as the data reached the saturation. Data validation was done by following four aspects: credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The participants in this study consisted of six parents in the Central Maluku district who used authoritarian parenting. They were 33 to 52 years old with school-age children. They lived in Maluku and came from several tribes in Indonesia, such as Buton, Bugis, Javanese, and Seram. The educational background of the participants was mostly limited to elementary school, and were low income for their socioeconomic status.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The findings of this study generated the following 3 main themes:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents strictly controlled their children to achieve the parental values and expectations.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Children failed to meet the parental values and expectations.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Problems experienced by the children were the results of the parenting style.</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Theme 1: parents strictly controlled their children to achieve the parental values and expectations</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, parents revealed that in performing everyday parenting, they usually control the activities of their children by prioritizing the things that are considered important for children, such as forcing them to study. This was demonstrated in the following statements:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“...remember to study” (P1).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0010"><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“...beware of bad marks on the test!” (P4).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0015"><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“I want them do well in school, so that they could be successful” (P2).</p></span></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides pressuring their children to study, parents overly controlled with whom their children would spend leisure time. Furthermore, parents were likely to limit their children's playtime and activities. This was revealed in the statements from the participants:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0020"><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“When playing, they must remember the time” (P1).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0025"><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“...choose diligent friends to play with” (P1).</p></span></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents assume that a child must help their parents at home, particularly for family with low socioeconomic status. This is also a culture where the parents were born and raised with an authoritarian upbringing. Of the six participants, four came from outside the Moluccas, but grew up with the culture of Maluku and were regarded as “local people from Saparua.” Saparua is an island in Maluku known as a community who usually talk with high tone voice and harsh behavior. This was revealed in statements from the participants:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0030"><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“When I come home from working, I want they cleaned house...mutually help each other. I do help for fulfilling the family financial” (P5).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0035"><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“We were born and raised in Saparua, so my mother raised us like people from Saparua” (P6).</p></span></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents who used the authoritarian parenting style believed their strict attitudes could help their children achieve the intended values and standards that are considered important for the good of their children in the future.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Theme 2: Children failed to meet the parental values and expectations</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In day-to-day parenting, parents revealed that they usually punished their children when they made mistakes, but sometimes they felt guilty and remorseful after punishing them. This was indicated in the following statements:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0040"><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“I was angry and stated, ‘Do as I said,’ ... sometimes with a raised voice, and undoubtedly pinched my child because he was too rebel and did not listen to my advice” (P6).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0045"><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“... when my children started to whimper, I got angry, but when they looked sad, I repented, then bought (what they wanted)” (P1).</p></span></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to participants, their attitudes did not necessarily discourage the children. Their children, in fact, resisted and refused their parents’ orders. This can be seen in the following statements:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0050"><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“A rebel child” (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0055"><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“Made mistakes, became aware for two days and then repeat the same mistakes” (P1).<a name="p3"></a></p></span></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apparently, authoritarian parenting with strict parental controls and pressure is not an effective way to achieve intended behaviors in children.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Theme 3: Problems experienced by children were the results of the parenting style</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the study revealed that parents offered insufficient information to their children and gave no opportunities for children to express their opinions with respect to the punishment they received. This was demonstrated in the following statements:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0060"><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“They silently realized their mistakes” (P1).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0065"><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“Every time he whimpered and made wishes, I replied <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no</span>” (P3).</p></span></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents indicated academic, behavioral, and emotional problems experienced by their children, as presented in the following statements:<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0070"><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“He was scolded in the school because of not making homework” (P1).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0075"><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“Disturb each other” (P2, P4, P5, and P6).</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0080"><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">“My child has bad temper” (P1).</p></span></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides failing to achieve good behaviors, authoritarian parenting hinders children's development and causes behavioral problems.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the values instilled in children is learning achievement, in which parents strictly command their children to be diligent and study hard. This might be done when parents care too much about achievements. In this study, there were three participants who showed concerns for the academic achievements of their children. Accordingly, they demanded that their children achieve the intended values and expectations by giving them constant reminders and even using threats.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of threats, however, can cause fear and depression. There is a negative correlation between authoritarian parenting style and academic achievement, meaning highly authoritarian parenting causes lower academic achievement<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants in this study have a middle or lower socioeconomic status where the financial constraints may limit the parents’ ability to provide the best education for their children. The socioeconomic status of the family is associated with the amount of the family's investment in children's education<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>. Children who come from a low-income family would tend to have a lower academic achievement when compared to those who come from a higher-income family.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The control over children's playtime is, likewise, relative to socioeconomic status. The parents with a low socioeconomic status tend to control the freedom of their children to play, and are more likely to become authoritarian and focused on maintaining the discipline and obedience of their children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, parents also involved their children in housework. This occurred especially when family economic circumstances were insufficient to meet the needs of everyday life and required mothers to work in order to provide additional income for the family.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The parenting style might also be influenced by the parents’ upbringing and culture. Culture can shape the values and beliefs of a society and can be passed down from one generation to the next, or can be transferred from one place to another through acculturation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authoritarian parents are sometimes inconsistent with rules. Consequently, rules have no deterrent effects for the children. Our study demonstrated that the children were likely to be rebellious and disruptive. Also, despite the children occasionally adhering to the rules, they were more likely to break the rules. Thus, authoritarian parenting might be not fully successful in directing children to perform desirable behaviors. Parental inconsistency in disciplining children is significantly related to behavioral problems and the absence of empathy in children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The findings of our study indicated difficulties in child development, including learning, behavioral, and emotional problems, and communication between parents and children. Parents with strict control over children's activities could make the children become more dependent on their parents. Our study showed that the children skipped their homework when they were not supervised. Research demonstrated consistent results with this study in Japan, where students with authoritarian parents had lower academic motivation and achievement<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>. Nevertheless, the results were contradictory with the study in the United States showing that authoritarian parenting benefitted children by improving their academic achievement.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study indicated that children were rebellious and perverse, which might be due to the imitation of their parents’ harsh behavior. Therefore, children learned to act aggressively from their parents<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>. Another study claimed that there was a significant correlation between depressed mothers and behaviors in children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>. Depressed mothers were likely to use harsh discipline with their children, thereby contributing to the higher risks of externalizing behaviors amongst children.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, the findings of the study showed the consequences of authoritarian parenting on the children's emotions. The children had difficulty managing their emotions. There was a clear association between parenting patterns and children's emotions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>. The study indicated that negative parental control resulted in a decline of emotional intelligence in the children. Children raised with an authoritarian parenting style had lower psychological health, including a negative self-concept<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.<a name="p4"></a></p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1092604" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1035476" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Theme 1: parents strictly controlled their children to achieve the parental values and expectations" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Theme 2: Children failed to meet the parental values and expectations" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Theme 3: Problems experienced by children were the results of the parenting style" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack371193" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1035476" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Authoritarian parenting" 1 => "Children" 2 => "Parents" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To explore families’ experiences who use an authoritarian parenting style in caring for school-age children.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach. The sampling method was to interview parents of school-age children living in the Central Maluku district in Indonesia.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The findings of this study generated the following themes: (1) parents strictly controlled their children to achieve the parental values and expectations, (2) children failed to meet the parental values and expectations, and (3) problems experienced by the children were the results of the parenting style.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study suggested nursing professionals provide adequate information for parents with respect to parenting styles that may facilitate the optimal growth and development of the children. Future studies pertinent to cultural factors associated with authoritarian parenting were also suggested to better understand the cultural context of this parenting style.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manajemen keperawatan psikososial dan kader kesehatan jiwa: CMHN (Intermediate course)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B.A. Keliat" 1 => "N.H. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2024 October | 111 | 27 | 138 |
| 2024 September | 138 | 25 | 163 |
| 2024 August | 87 | 17 | 104 |
| 2024 July | 92 | 14 | 106 |
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| 2024 May | 149 | 23 | 172 |
| 2024 April | 190 | 26 | 216 |
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| 2024 February | 175 | 10 | 185 |
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| 2023 December | 183 | 14 | 197 |
| 2023 November | 254 | 15 | 269 |
| 2023 October | 268 | 56 | 324 |
| 2023 September | 224 | 24 | 248 |
| 2023 August | 107 | 18 | 125 |
| 2023 July | 88 | 27 | 115 |
| 2023 June | 118 | 22 | 140 |
| 2023 May | 220 | 57 | 277 |
| 2023 April | 165 | 37 | 202 |
| 2023 March | 176 | 98 | 274 |
| 2023 February | 109 | 44 | 153 |
| 2023 January | 68 | 31 | 99 |
| 2022 December | 94 | 48 | 142 |
| 2022 November | 167 | 73 | 240 |
| 2022 October | 136 | 82 | 218 |
| 2022 September | 95 | 72 | 167 |
| 2022 August | 123 | 92 | 215 |
| 2022 July | 73 | 41 | 114 |
| 2022 June | 98 | 36 | 134 |
| 2022 May | 131 | 32 | 163 |
| 2022 April | 180 | 36 | 216 |
| 2022 March | 214 | 45 | 259 |
| 2022 February | 160 | 23 | 183 |
| 2022 January | 125 | 28 | 153 |
| 2021 December | 172 | 30 | 202 |
| 2021 November | 155 | 28 | 183 |
| 2021 October | 196 | 29 | 225 |
| 2021 September | 86 | 19 | 105 |
| 2021 August | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2021 July | 56 | 17 | 73 |
| 2021 June | 50 | 16 | 66 |
| 2021 May | 107 | 12 | 119 |
| 2021 April | 258 | 35 | 293 |
| 2021 March | 111 | 16 | 127 |
| 2021 February | 196 | 8 | 204 |
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| 2020 December | 112 | 21 | 133 |
| 2020 November | 86 | 19 | 105 |
| 2020 October | 46 | 12 | 58 |
| 2020 September | 57 | 16 | 73 |
| 2020 August | 43 | 7 | 50 |
| 2020 July | 53 | 25 | 78 |
| 2020 June | 50 | 18 | 68 |
| 2020 May | 54 | 14 | 68 |
| 2020 April | 72 | 10 | 82 |
| 2020 March | 44 | 3 | 47 |
| 2020 February | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2020 January | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2019 December | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2019 October | 19 | 6 | 25 |
| 2019 September | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2019 August | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2019 July | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2019 June | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2019 May | 61 | 34 | 95 |
| 2019 April | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| 2019 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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