Status disclosure and the acceptance of women living with HIV
Rizka Ristriyani, Imami Nur Rachmawati
, Yati Afiyanti
Corresponding author
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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"documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2018;28 Supl 1:191-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 515 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 58 "HTML" => 305 "PDF" => 152 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Women’s knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors toward the prevention of human papillomavirus transmission" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "191" "paginaFinal" => "194" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Lela Larasati, Yati Afiyanti, Hayuni Rahmah, Ariesta Milanti" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lela" "apellidos" => "Larasati" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yati" "apellidos" => "Afiyanti" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hayuni" "apellidos" => "Rahmah" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ariesta" "apellidos" => "Milanti" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862118300652?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000028000000S1/v4_201810090949/S1130862118300652/v4_201810090949/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Status disclosure and the acceptance of women living with HIV" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "198" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Rizka Ristriyani, Imami Nur Rachmawati, Yati Afiyanti" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rizka" "apellidos" => "Ristriyani" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Imami" "apellidos" => "Nur Rachmawati" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "inrachma@ui.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yati" "apellidos" => "Afiyanti" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently there are 16 million women living with HIV positive or 50% out of the total patient<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. Data from the Directorate General of Research and Health Development Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that men are 1.3 times more likely to get infected by HIV than women. However, housewives appear to be the largest part of the woman population infected by HIV, as much as 6539 patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. Based on the aforementioned data, the spread of HIV to women has been considered to be critical since it has affected housewives and children.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is hard for women to accept their HIV positive status considering their ability to get pregnant and raise their child. Women affected by HIV from his husband have been showing rage towards God<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. They tend to feel anxious towards their baby’s safety<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>. Women with HIV would likely face multiple losses, such as losing partners, children, family, household, and even environment. This has been considered to be a source of stress for women with HIV to accept their status. A mother has to be in grief of losing her child who died because of AIDS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>. They also need to struggle to raise their children after being left by their husbands in the middle of stigma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Every woman has experienced the same grief and been influenced by different factors to accept their status. In a chronic disease like HIV positive, the acceptance process is influenced by support from spouse, family, and health staff<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>. However, the acceptance process and specific factors<a name="p2"></a> influencing the acceptance of women living with HIV remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the women acceptance, as a phase of sorrow, and its relation to their HIV positive status disclosure.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This cross sectional study involved 235 women with HIV which were selected with a consecutive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were status disclosure questionnaire and acceptance. We modified the Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> to measure acceptance in people living with HIV AIDS and the results is 0.88 for Cronbach’s Alpha and 0.27-0.79 for correlation coefficient. The data were analyzed using linear regression. Ethical approval from The Ethics Committee of Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia was obtained for this study before the data collection started.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The result shows that the median score of acceptance was 3 (SD 0.72) in the range of 2.79 to 2.98 at 95% confidence interval (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). It means women acceptance towards their HIV status has been approaching full acceptance. Most respondents were housewives (65%) married (56%) and half of the respondents were HIV transmitted from their husbands.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The multivariate analysis linear regression showed that children HIV status, disclosure, psychological distress, significant person support, friend‘s support, healthcare staff support, and spiritual condition were able to predict 34% of acceptance, while the rest was determined by other factors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tables 2-4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average of respondents’ age is 32 years old, which is a reproductive age. Meanwhile a data showed that in Indonesia AIDS is more likely to infect people in their 20-29 years old<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the most infected respondents were housewives. Previous studies showed that the group with the highest probability to be infected by HIV (59.7%) is married and having HIV infected sexual partners<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>. These show that most women living with HIV are in their reproductive age and infected by their partners or spouses. Women living with HIV, especially those in their productive age, tend to transmit the disease to their children. This fact will likely bring loss and grief to women. However, this study shows that most respondent are in their full acceptance. This is a result of acquired value that being infected by HIV is a destiny<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and a fact of past experience that cannot be repeated. The future of the children is also a consideration for women to accept their condition. This is due to women’s role that they are not only individuals but also mothers who have to raise and take care of their kids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>. Social support from the healthcare provider and closest relatives are also factors supporting women to accept their status. This can be seen from the correlation between social support and acceptance in this study. Previous study reported that women living with HIV in India received double burden by taking care of their sick husbands and children, getting the stigma, and experiencing financial difficulties. Nevertheless, they were able to cope with all the condition effectively with the social and religious supports<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Close relationship between women living with HIV and the healthcare provider will also increase patients’ efficacy and improve their obedience in taking medication<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>. Medication, information, and counseling received by the patients will motivate them and give them hope to continue their live and have<a name="p3"></a> healthy children. Women living with HIV and have good selfefficacy will be able to continue their daily life and consume medicines regularly<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>. Such condition will be able to improve body immune and life quality of the patient. This can be seen from the fact that these respondent are mostly in good condition, because all of the respondent are patients who get healthcare treatment in each respective healthcare provider.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The result of this study also shows the disclosure status that influenced the acceptance. This reveals that the more the women tend to disclose their HIV status, the higher of their acceptance will be. The preceding studies found out that the status disclosure was a sensitive issue for the people living with HIV. They thought that disclosing their status as people living with HIV is more frightening than the disease itself<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>. However, some of them prefer to disclose their status in order to gain supports and to prevent others to get infected. Referring to the findings of this study, women with HIV-positive tend to be cautious to close their HIV status because of fear from stigma of HIV will attack them and their children. The majority of respondents in this study only tell their spouse, some have been able to tell their parents because they need emotional support when they or their children have seriously ill related to HIV.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The result of this study is in line with the prior studies that stated the women tend to easily disclose their HIV status to their partners so that their partners will not get affected<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>. This status disclosure leads to the possibility to obtain psychological support<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>. The acceptance from their family member, moreover, is the most important thing to the HIV patient in living their life and in taking their treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>. Almost all respondents complied with the treatment because they always reminder by their families for treatment regularly. Most respondents in this study has been able to live healthily and regularly taking the drugs either with the help of alarm cell phone or frequently reminded by their husbands or their parents. All respondents expressed that support from her husband and family is very important for them to constantly remind and motivate them for better life. This is in accordance with the Indonesian culture that still holds family values to maintain and care for sick family members.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority of the women who were the subjects of this study have disclosed their status to their husband and parents. This shows the same result as the previous studies that revealed the positive impact to the women with HIV that disclosed her status to her mother<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>. This is considered as a maternal bond between the mother with her daughter which lead to the acceptance and support given by the mother. These may help the HIV patients to accept their status particularly for women with HIV. This will help them to live their live rather than to keep their status to themselves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The earlier studies also revealed that the HIV status disclosure to the other people living with HIV will also give encouragement to each other<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>. Social support from their colleagues will also encourage them to take their medicine regularly. Moreover, the support may also help the patients to have a more constructive attitude than those who do not have any support from their colleagues and health department<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>. The subjects of this study have received health service and obtained social support particularly in information and psychological support.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1092622" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1035494" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack371204" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1035494" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Acceptance related HIV" 1 => "Grief" 2 => "Status disclosure" 3 => "Women living with HIV" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aimed at identifying the acceptance of women living with HIV in relation to status disclosure.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This cross sectional study involved 235 women with HIV positive in Public Health Centre in Jakarta, Indonesia, who were chosen with a consecutive sampling. We used a modified Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ) as the instrument.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The median score of acceptance was 3 (SD 0.72) in the range of 2.79 to 2.98 at 95% confidence interval. More than half of the respondent (65%) are housewives and 50% of them got infected from their spouses. It was also found that status disclosure was associated with the women acceptance towards HIV (p < 0.05)</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The acceptance of HIV-positive women is influenced by status disclosure which can be positive or negative. This study suggests nurses to consider the grief response of the women with HIV positive to facilitate their acceptance and better adaptation to the illness.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95%CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Acceptance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.79-2.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1868559.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The average of women acceptance towards their HIV status (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>235).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95%CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.15-32.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HIV symptom \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.52-29.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Psychological distress \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.15-18.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Multidimensional support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.87-3.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Significant person support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.99-3.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Family support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.86-3.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Friend support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.71-2.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Peer support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.64-15.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Healthcare provider support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.10-26.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spiritual condition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.37-37.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Stigma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.67-60.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1868560.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Average and median based on age, HIV symptom, psychological condition, multidimensional support, spiritual condition, and stigma towards women with HIV (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>235).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Housewives \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">154 (65.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 (34.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marital status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Single \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (8.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Married \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">132 (56.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Widow \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83 (35.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infection source</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Injection drugs user</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (20.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Blood transfusion</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infected spouse</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">118 (50.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexual intercourse with more than one partner</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No idea</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38 (16.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1868557.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency distribution based on occupation, marital status, and infection source of women with HIV (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>235).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R square \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adjusted R square \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Constanta \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.969 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Children HIV status \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.040 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Disclosure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Psychological distress \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Significant person support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.062 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Friend support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.142 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.071 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Healthcare provider support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spiritual condition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1868558.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acceptance model of women living with HIV.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:19 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. 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Thanks go to Ariesta Milanti and team in Maternal and Women’s Health Departemen, Nursing Faculty Universitas Indonesia for their grateful support.</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11308621/00000028000000S1/v4_201810090949/S1130862118300664/v4_201810090949/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "75447" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Part 1" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000028000000S1/v4_201810090949/S1130862118300664/v4_201810090949/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862118300664?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2024 October | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2024 September | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2024 August | 25 | 6 | 31 |
| 2024 July | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2024 June | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| 2024 May | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| 2024 April | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2024 March | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 1 | 20 |
| 2024 January | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2023 December | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| 2023 November | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2023 October | 25 | 4 | 29 |
| 2023 September | 14 | 2 | 16 |
| 2023 August | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2023 July | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2023 June | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2023 May | 46 | 8 | 54 |
| 2023 April | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2023 March | 44 | 2 | 46 |
| 2023 February | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2023 January | 62 | 9 | 71 |
| 2022 December | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2022 November | 26 | 4 | 30 |
| 2022 October | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2022 September | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2022 August | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2022 July | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2022 June | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2022 May | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2022 April | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 14 | 33 |
| 2022 February | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2022 January | 57 | 9 | 66 |
| 2021 December | 80 | 9 | 89 |
| 2021 November | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2021 October | 44 | 14 | 58 |
| 2021 September | 50 | 20 | 70 |
| 2021 August | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2021 July | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2021 June | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2021 May | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2021 April | 102 | 10 | 112 |
| 2021 March | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2021 February | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2021 January | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 November | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2020 October | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2020 September | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2020 August | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| 2020 July | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2020 June | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2020 April | 9 | 17 | 26 |
| 2020 March | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2020 February | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2020 January | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2019 December | 16 | 20 | 36 |
| 2019 November | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2019 September | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2019 August | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2019 July | 25 | 12 | 37 |
| 2019 June | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2019 May | 51 | 13 | 64 |
| 2019 April | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2018 December | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2018 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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