The effect of oromuscular stimulation on neonate latch score
Oswati Hasanah
, Riri Novayelinda, Hellena Deli
Corresponding author
Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau, Indonesia
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"documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2019;29 Supl 1:42-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 319 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 27 "HTML" => 190 "PDF" => 102 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Perceptions of students, lecturers and staffs on establishing a smoke-free campus" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "45" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Febriana Sabrian, Wasisto Utomo" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Febriana" "apellidos" => "Sabrian" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Wasisto" "apellidos" => "Utomo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862119300154?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000029000000S1/v2_201904020624/S1130862119300154/v2_201904020624/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The effect of oromuscular stimulation on neonate latch score" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "46" "paginaFinal" => "48" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Oswati Hasanah, Riri Novayelinda, Hellena Deli" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Oswati" "apellidos" => "Hasanah" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "unni_08@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Riri" "apellidos" => "Novayelinda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hellena" "apellidos" => "Deli" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Nursing, University of Riau, Indonesia" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parenteral nutrition for the neonate is needed to fulfill the nutritional status of the baby. The requirement for giving oral nutrition to a baby is that the baby has a good suction reflex. Neonates often experience impaired fulfillment of nutritional needs because facial and mouth muscles have not developed, so a stimulation is needed that can stimulate adequate suction reflexes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Giving oral stimulation has an effect on the suckling process in the neonate. Oral stimulation is defined as a sensory stimulation of the lips, jaw, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx and respiratory muscles which has an influence on oropharyngeal physiological mechanisms to improve its function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have shown the benefits of giving oral stimulation to the breastfeeding process in premature babies. Based on research conducted by Fucile et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> in infants who performed oral stimulation at 10 days after birth showed that there was an increase in the ability to suck children within 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after stimulation. Research conducted by Boiron et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> found that administration of oral stimulation for 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min every day showed an increase in suction reflexes, in addition the amount of daily milk consumption increased compared to the control group. This study was supported by research conducted by Hwang et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> where there was a significant increase in the ability to feed infants in the first 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of stimulation. While the results of research conducted by Fucile<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> that there is an effect of the provision of oral stimulation on the development of sucking ability, increased digestion and the potential to reduce the length of hospital treatment after being given perioral and intraoral stimulation for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min every day.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oral stimulation program used in this study is a combination of massage stroking and tapping techniques on oromuscular muscles and oral structure stimulation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This oral stimulation program consists of stimulation of the perioral structures such as the bottom of the nose, lips, cheeks, chin, and lips and stroking in the intraoral structure such as gums, inner cheeks, tongue and palate for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min every day for 5 days.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in two midwife clinics in Pekanbaru, Riau Province of Indonesia. The data collection was conducted from August to October 2018. The design used in this study was quasi experimental with one group pre-test–post-test. The population in this study was all neonates aged<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 days of normal birth without complications. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria permitted by parents and exclusion criteria were the mother with breast problems. The study was conducted on 20 respondents who had met the research criteria.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data collection was carried out using an observation sheet, on the observation sheet monitoring of sucking ability using the SCORE LATCH. Assessment of sucking ability (pre-test) is carried out before performing oral stimulation. After that, 1 session of oral stimulation was carried out for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. Stimulation sessions are carried out in clinics or at home. Oral stimulation is done by giving a light massage to the muscles around the mouth to stimulate the nerves and muscles in the oromuscular area. Massage begins from the area around the nose, ending in the area of the baby's jaw. After therapy, a 5-minute pause was given to wait for the next breastfeeding session and the mother was asked to breastfeed her baby again and then reassessed using a LATCH SCORE (post-test). Data from the results of this study were analyzed using univariate and bivariate tests. Bivariate tests are carried out using frequency tabulation, namely the data on infant gender, gestational age, body weight and the ability to suck. While the bivariate test was carried out by dependent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> test on the variable oromuscular stimulation and the ability to suck the baby, but because the data were not normally distributed, alternative tests were carried out.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data of respondent characteristics obtained in this study were maternal age, maternal occupation, maternal labor status and sex of the child. Can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical data shows that the majority of mothers are 25–35 years old (56.3%), most mothers are house wife (87.5%), most mothers are multigrafida (62.5%) and most babies are being a respondent is male (68.8%).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in one group and assessed LATCH scores before and after stimulation. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the LATCH scores before and after therapy.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average value (median) of the LATCH score before stimulation was 7.33 points, while the average value after stimulation was 9.31 points. Based on the results of further statistical tests on LATCH scores before and after therapy showed that oral stimulation was effective for increasing the score of breastfeeding, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Oral stimulation has been shown to be effective in increasing LATCH scores, with an increase of 2 points with (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0.000).</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More than half of the mothers of all respondents studied were mostly aged 25–35 years (56.3%). This age is still a productive age for people in Indonesia in general. At this age the peak condition of maternal health is to give birth and care for children, and is the ideal for reproductive age. In this study there are still mothers under the age of 25 years and over 35 years, but generally mothers of respondents do not have serious health problems because they have been taken according to the desired criteria. In this study, the majority of mothers were house wife mother (87.5%). This condition is due to the fact that the place of data collection in both midwife clinics is indeed a suburb of Pekanbaru with the average middle class and lower class, and the head of the family working as a farmer and laborer. So that most mothers are housewives who do not participate in helping her husband increase the husband's income outside the home. Data obtained by most of the mothers was multigrafida (62.5%). In the conditions of multiparous births and mothers still in productive age, usually mothers still tend to be cooperative with nursing actions.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the scoring results before and after therapy, the median LATCH score before therapy was 7.33 points, while the median value after therapy was 9.31 points. The LATCH score is obtained from the accumulation of scoring based on aspects: latch, audible swallowing, tip of nipple, comfort and hold. Research shows 19.2% neonates born were having fair sucking reflex.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Oral stimulation in the neonate can stimulate the maturation of the motor sensory system in the oromuscular area for sucking and the breastfeeding process.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Stimulation in the oromuscular in neonatal preterm has been shown to shorten the transition period of oral feeding to full oral feeding, and increase feeding efficiency.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the results of further statistical tests on LATCH scores before and after therapy in this research showed that oral stimulation was effective for increasing the baby's breastfeeding score by 2 points (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0.000). Based on the results of this study, oral stimulation in term neonates can be recommended as independent therapy by nurses to improve LATCH scores in neonates in the first 2 weeks after birth.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1173517" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1097554" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-10-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-11-14" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1097554" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Nurse" 1 => "Oromuscular therapy" 2 => "Neonate" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral stimulation on breastfeeding on infants.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study uses the design of one group pre-test–post-test. The population was mature neonates aged<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 days who were born without complications at a midwife clinic in Pekanbaru city. The sample consisted of 16 respondents. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling with criteria, mothers did not have breast problems and were willing to become respondents. The implementation of intervention was carried out by pre-test, 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min oromuscular stimulation, then a 5-minute pause, then waiting for the next breastfeeding time and post-test. Breastfeeding ability is assessed with Latch score.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of the univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents aged 25–35 years (56.3%), the majority were housewife (87.5%), more than half were multiparous (62.5%) and most of the neonates were male (68.8%). The mean of Latch score before the intervention was 7.3 points and after intervention was 9.3 points. The results with the Wilcoxon test showed an increase in the ability of breastfeeding after an intervention of 2 point (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oromuscular stimulation can be suggested as an alternative therapy to improve breastfeeding ability in neonates.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review of abstracts of the articles is under the responsibility of the Scientific Committee of Riau International Nursing Conference 2018. Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics responden \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="top">1</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age of mother (year)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">a. <25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">b. 25–35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">c. >35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">2</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mother's work</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">a. House wife \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">87.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">b. Employee \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">3</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Labor status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">a. Primigravida \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">b. Multigravida \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">4</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Child gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">a. Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">b. Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2002942.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of respondents.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Minimum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Max \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pre \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2002940.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infant LATCH scores before and after stimulation.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pre \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">0.000</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2002941.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Effect of oral stimulation on infant LATCH scores.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of co-ordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing: ultrasound study of term and preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 48 | 3 | 51 |
| 2024 September | 52 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 August | 50 | 2 | 52 |
| 2024 July | 34 | 3 | 37 |
| 2024 June | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2024 May | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2024 April | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2024 March | 31 | 2 | 33 |
| 2024 February | 46 | 1 | 47 |
| 2024 January | 70 | 5 | 75 |
| 2023 December | 68 | 2 | 70 |
| 2023 November | 64 | 7 | 71 |
| 2023 October | 70 | 8 | 78 |
| 2023 September | 33 | 4 | 37 |
| 2023 August | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2023 July | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2023 June | 28 | 2 | 30 |
| 2023 May | 21 | 5 | 26 |
| 2023 April | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2023 March | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2023 February | 16 | 6 | 22 |
| 2023 January | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2022 December | 42 | 25 | 67 |
| 2022 November | 42 | 12 | 54 |
| 2022 October | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2022 September | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2022 August | 47 | 14 | 61 |
| 2022 July | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2022 June | 39 | 11 | 50 |
| 2022 May | 48 | 14 | 62 |
| 2022 April | 44 | 9 | 53 |
| 2022 March | 72 | 9 | 81 |
| 2022 February | 75 | 11 | 86 |
| 2022 January | 34 | 15 | 49 |
| 2021 December | 37 | 12 | 49 |
| 2021 November | 31 | 20 | 51 |
| 2021 October | 22 | 16 | 38 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2021 August | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2021 July | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2021 May | 20 | 15 | 35 |
| 2021 April | 33 | 37 | 70 |
| 2021 March | 19 | 28 | 47 |
| 2021 February | 29 | 11 | 40 |
| 2021 January | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2020 December | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2020 November | 23 | 19 | 42 |
| 2020 October | 13 | 15 | 28 |
| 2020 September | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2020 August | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2020 July | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2020 June | 25 | 16 | 41 |
| 2020 May | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2020 April | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2020 March | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2020 February | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2020 January | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2019 December | 21 | 28 | 49 |
| 2019 November | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2019 October | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2019 September | 31 | 12 | 43 |
| 2019 August | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2019 July | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2019 June | 40 | 20 | 60 |
| 2019 May | 106 | 19 | 125 |
| 2019 April | 44 | 25 | 69 |
| 2019 March | 5 | 2 | 7 |
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