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Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 54-58 (January 2002)
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Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 54-58 (January 2002)
¿Cómo gastan las calorías los diabéticos tipo 2?
How do type 2 diabetics burn calories?
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Conchita Risco**, Carmen Martes, M.a José Armalé, M.a Luisa Lozano
Diplomadas en Enfermería. Centro de Salud Las Fuentes Norte. Zaragoza
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Resumen
Objetivo

Conocer el gasto calórico de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos en la consulta de enfermería en su actividad diaria

Material y métodos

Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta a una muestra elegida aleatoriamente

Resultados

La media de gasto calórico en la actividad física es de 861,7 calorías (DE, 810): entre semana la media es de 550 calorías (DE, 664) y en festivo de 336 (DE, 310). Los varones gastan una media de 579,8 calorías (DE, 682): entre semana 622,3 y en festivo 325,2; y las mujeres, una media de 448,9 calorías: entre semana 465,2 y en festivo 346,6. Los pacientes con actividad profesional consumen una media de 865,5 calorías (DE, 1.281). Los menores de 60 años eliminan una media de 1.280,2 calorías (DE, 1.055,6), los de 61-70 años, 931,9 (DE, 692) y los mayores de 71 años, 500,7 (DE, 325,1). Los de índice de masa corporal (IMC) < 25 consumen 650 calorías; los de 25–30, 847,4 y los de IMC > 30, 964. Los pacientes con una hemoglobina glucosilada < 7 consumen 856,5 calorías y aquellos con una hemoglobina glucosilada > 7 una media de 914,8. De las variables estudiadas, el paseo, con un gasto calórico medio de 227,8 calorías (DE, 162,7), es la más frecuente, aunque caminar produce un mayor gasto calórico, con una media de 537 calorías (DE, 530)

Discusión

Los varones tienen mayor gasto calórico que las mujeres, y es superior entre semana que en festivo. El mayor gasto calórico se realiza durante la actividad profesional. Los de mayor IMC eliminan más calorías debido a su mayor peso y a que su hemoglobina glucosilada es más elevada.

El paseo es la actividad más frecuente, aunque caminar produce más gasto calórico

Palabras clave:
Gasto calórico
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Actividad física
Caminar
Objective

To determine the calorie expenditure of type 2 diabetics who received medical care as part of the daily activity of the nursing service

Material And Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed through survey of a random sample

Results

The mean calorie expenditure in physical activity was 861.7 calories (SD, 810): mean expenditure was 550 calories (SD, 664) on weekdays and 336 (SD, 310) at weekends. Men burned a mean of 579.8 calories (SD, 682): mean expenditure was 622.3 on weekdays and 325.2 at weekends. Women burned a mean of 448.9 calories: mean expenditure on weekdays was 465.2 and 346.6 at weekends. Patients in employment burned a mean of 865.5 calories (SD, 1,281). Mean calorie expenditure was 1,280.2 calories (SD, 1,055.6) in patients aged less than 60 years, 931.9 (SD, 692) in those aged 61–70 years and was 500.7 (SD, 325.1) in those aged more than 71 years. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of < 25 burned 650 calories; those with a BMI of 25–30 burned 847.4 calories and those with a BMI of > 30 burned 964. Patients with a glycosylated hemoglobin of < 7 burned 856.5 calories and those with a glycosylated hemoglobin of >7 burned a mean of 914.8 calories. Of the variables studied strolling, with a mean calorie expenditure of 227.8 calories (SD, 162,7), was the most frequent activity, although walking produces greater energy expenditure with a mean of 537 calories (SD, 530)

Discussion

Calorie expenditure was greater in men than in women; it was also greater on weekdays than at the weekend. The greatest calorie expenditure takes place at work. Patients with higher BMIs burned more calories because of their greater weight and because their glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher.

Strolling was the most common activity although walking burns more calories

Key words:
Calorie expenditure
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Physical activity
Walking

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