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Journal Information
Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 131-136 (January 2003)
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Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 131-136 (January 2003)
Efectividad de una intervención educativa individual y en grupo, en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Effectiveness of a group educational intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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María Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. Dolores Sánchez Fernández
DUE. Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense. Ourense. España
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Resumen
Fundamento

Este estudio se plantea con el objetivo de evaluar la factibilidad en nuestro entorno de una estrategia multidisciplinaria de educación sanitaria individual y grupal en pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y conocer la efectividad de dicha estrategia

Material y Método

Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de intervención a un año con pacientes con EPOC moderada/severa, controlados en consultas externas de Neumología del Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense. Se eligieron al azar 2 grupos de 8 personas cada uno, con edades comprendidas entre los 50 y 75 años. En el grupo de intervención se llevó a cabo un programa de Educación para la Salud. El estudio mide variables clínicas, de función respiratoria y de calidad de vida utilizando el cuestionario de St. George

Resultados

La intervención produjo cambios favorables respecto a situación basal en peso (p=0,026), volumen expiratorio forzado en un segundo FEV1 (p=0,0169) y capacidad vital forzada FVC (p=0,0115); se observó disminución del número de reagudizaciones (p=0,03) y un incremento significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes tras la intervención (p=0,012) respecto al grupo control

Conclusiones

Se consiguió mejor aceptación de la enfermedad, mayor autocontrol de su proceso, una mejor adhesión al tratamiento terapéutico y fisioterápico, una realización correcta de la técnica inhalatoria y un cambio de conducta con relación a la dieta, al ejercicio y al hábito tabáquico en el 100% de los pacientes del grupo de intervención

Palabras Clave:
EPOC
Educación sanitaria individual y grupal
Atención de enfermería
Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility in our environment of a multidisciplinary health education program, on both an individual and group basis, in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine the effectiveness of this strategy. A prospective, interventional study was performed for one year. Patients with moderate/severe COPD, followed-up in the Pneumology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital Complex of Ourense (Spain), were evaluated. Two groups of patients, aged between 50 and 75 years old, were randomly chosen (8 patients per group). The intervention group took part in a health education program. Clinical variables and breathing function were measured and quality of life was evaluated using the St. George questionnaire

Results

The intervention produced favorable changes compared with basal values in weight (p=0.026), forced expiratory volume in one second (p=0.0169), and forced vital capacity (p=0.0115); after the educational intervention, the number of acute episodes decreased (p=0.03) and quality of life improved compared with the control group (p=0.012)

Conclusions

In all patients in the intervention group, acceptance of the disease and self-management, as well as adhesion to treatment and physiotherapy, improved. Patients were able to correctly perform the inhalation technique and modified their behavior concerning diet, exercise, and smoking

The intervention is feasible as part of the activity of outpatient clinics

Keywords:
COPD
Individual
group Health Education
Nursing care

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