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Inicio Enfermería Clínica ¿Existe relación entre la dependencia a la nicotina y la motivación para el a...
Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 6.
Pages 262-265 (January 2002)
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Vol. 12. Issue 6.
Pages 262-265 (January 2002)
¿Existe relación entre la dependencia a la nicotina y la motivación para el abandono del hábito tabáquico?
Is there a relationship between nicotine dependence and motivation to quit smoking?
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187
M. Rosa García Cerdána,
Corresponding author
cblancs@baixll.scs.es

Correspondencia: ABS Camps Blancs. Plaza Euskadi s/n. 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, E. Hidalgo Quirósb, S. Delgado Pablob, Z. Elorza Izaetab
a Diplomada en Enfermería. ABS Camps Blancs. Sant Boi de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
b Diplomadas en Enfermería.
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Resumen
Objetivo

Conocer la prevalencia de fumadores motivados para dejar de fumar entre la población atendida en el centro de salud (CS), el grado de dependencia a la nicotina y la relación entre motivación y dependencia o presencia de otros factores de riesgo.

Material y método

Estudio descriptivo realizado en pacientes fumadores que acudían a la consulta médica del CS Camps Blancs (Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona) que después de ser consultados, aceptaban ser incluidos. Para una prevalencia esperada de motivación del 35%, un error alfa del 5% y una precisión del 10%, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 90 personas.

Se administraron los cuestionarios de Richmond y Fargestrom para conocer el grado de dependencia y motivación. A partir de la historia clínica se obtuvo información sobre la existencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (diabetes, hipertensión, dislipemia y obesidad). También se recogió información sobre hábito tabáquico, edad de inicio y consumo.

Resultados

No estaban motivados 36 (40%) pacientes. Presentaban motivación moderada 44 (49%) y 10 (11%) sí estaban motivados. No presentaban dependencia a la nicotina 44 (49%), ésta era menor en 35 (39%) y mayor en 11 (12%). Existe relación entre mayor grado de motivación y dependencia mayor (p=0,002).

Presentaba diabetes mellitus el 8% de los pacientes; hipertensión arterial, el 13%; dislipemia, el 19%, y obesidad, el 19%. No se halló relación entre los factores de riesgo y el grado de dependencia y motivación.

Conclusiones

Existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes motivados o con motivación moderada para el abandono del hábito tabáquico, relacionado con mayor grado de dependencia. Una intervención adecuada desde atención primaria puede ayudar al abandono del hábito.

Palabras clave:
Deshabituación tabáquica
Atención Primaria.
Objective

To determine the prevalence of smokers motivated to quit smoking among the users of a primary health center, as well as the degree of nicotine dependence, and the relationship between motivation and dependence or the presence of other risk factors.

Methodology

We performed a descriptive study in smokers visiting the Camps Blancs Primary Health Center (Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain) who, after the consultation, agreed to participate. For an expected prevalence of motivation of 35%, an alpha error of 5% and precision of 10%, the sample consisted of 90 individuals.

The Richmond and Fargestrom questionnaires were administered to determine the degree of dependence and motivation. Information was gathered from the medical records on the existence of cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity). Information was also gathered on smoking habits, age at starting and consumption.

Results

Thirty-six patients (40%) were not motivated to stop smoking. Forty-four patients (49%) were moderately motivated and ten (11%) were motivated. Forty-four patients (49%) had no nicotine dependence, 35 (39%) had low dependence and 11 (12%) had high dependence. A relationship was found between greater motivation and higher dependence (p=0.002). Diabetes mellitus was found in 8% of the patients, high blood pressure in 13%, hypercholesterolemia in 19%, and obesity in 19%. No relationship was found between risk factors and degree of dependence or motivation.

Conclusions

A high percentage of patients were motivated or moderately motivated to quit smoking, which was related to a high degree of dependence. Appropriate intervention by primary health care could help smoking cessation.

Key words:
Smoking cessation
Primary care.

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