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Vol. 47. Issue 5.
Pages 491-499 (May 2024)
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Vol. 47. Issue 5.
Pages 491-499 (May 2024)
Original article
Clinical features and prognosis of malignant small bowel tumors: Experience from a university hospital in Chile
Características clínicas y pronóstico de los tumores malignos de intestino delgado: experiencia en un hospital universitario de Chile
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Felipe Silvaa, Miguel Bustamantea, Gonzalo Latorreb,c, Jorge Flandezd, Isabella Monteroa, Eitan Dukesa, Vicente Gandaraa, Camila Roblesa, Javier Uribea, Andrés Iglesiase, Felipe Bellolioc,e, María Elena Molinac,e, Rodrigo Miguelesc,e, Gonzalo Urrejolac,e, Tomás Larachc,e, Nicolas Besserc,e, Allan Sharpc,e, Carlos Agüerob,c, Arnoldo Riquelmeb,c, José Ignacio Vargasb,c..., Roberto Candiab,c, Hugo Monrroyb,c, Federico De Simonef, Alberto Espinob,c,
Corresponding author
aoespino@uc.cl

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a School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
b Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
c Universidad Católica-Christus Health, Santiago, Chile
d Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
e Department of Digestive Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
f Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Médica Uruguaya, Clínica CEVEN, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Baseline patient's characteristics according to primary tumor subtype.
Table 2. Location and clinical manifestation of primary malignant small bowel tumors according to tumoral subtype.
Table 3. Diagnostic methods used in patients with small bowel tumors.
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Abstract
Background

Small bowel tumors (SBT) are infrequent and represent a small proportion of digestive neoplasms. There is scarce information about SBT in Latin America.

Aim

To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and survival of malignant SBTs.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of adult patients with histopathological diagnosis of SBT between 2007 and 2021 in a university hospital in Chile.

Results

A total of 104 patients [51.9% men; mean age 57 years] with SBT. Histological type: neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (43.7%, n=38), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (21.8%, n=19), lymphoma (17.2%, n=15) and adenocarcinoma (AC) (11.5%, n=10). GIST was more frequent in duodenum (50%; n=12) and NET in the ileum (65.8%; n=25). Metastasis was observed in 17 cases, most commonly from colon and melanoma. Nausea and vomiting were significantly more often observed in AC (p=0.035), as well as gastrointestinal bleeding in GIST (p=0.007). The most common diagnostic tools were CT and CT enteroclysis with an elevated diagnostic yield (86% and 94% respectively). The 5-year survival of GIST, NET, lymphoma and AC were 94.7% (95%CI: 68.1–99.2), 82.2% (95%CI: 57.6–93.3), 40.0% (95%CI: 16.5–82.8) and 25.9% (95%CI: 4.5–55.7%), respectively. NET (HR 6.1; 95%CI: 2.1–17.2) and GIST (HR 24.4; 95%CI: 3.0–19.8) were independently associated with higher survival compared to AC, adjusted for age and sex.

Conclusions

Malignant SBT are rare conditions and NETs are the most common histological subtype. Clinical presentation at diagnosis, location or complications may suggest a more probable diagnosis. GIST and NET are associated with better survival compared to other malignant subtypes.

Keywords:
Small bowel adenocarcinoma
Neuroendocrine tumors
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Enteroclysis
Resumen
Introducción

Los tumores del intestino delgado (TID) son infrecuentes y la información sobre ellos es escasa en Latinoamérica.

Objetivo

Describir la epidemiología, características clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y supervivencia de los TID malignos.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico histopatológico de TID entre 2007-2021 en un hospital universitario de Chile.

Resultados

Se observaron 104 pacientes (51,9% hombres; edad media 57 años) con TID. El tipo histológico fue tumor neuroendocrino (TNE) (43,7%, n=38), tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) (21,8%, n=19), linfoma (17,2%, n=15) y adenocarcinoma (AC) (11,5%, n=10). Los GIST fueron más frecuentes en el duodeno (50%; n=12) y los TNE en el íleon (65,8%; n=25). Hubo 17 casos de metástasis, más comúnmente de colon y melanoma. Las náuseas y los vómitos se observaron con mayor frecuencia en AC (p=0,035), así como el sangrado gastrointestinal en GIST (p=0,007). Las herramientas de valoración más comunes fueron TC y enteroclisis por TC con un rendimiento diagnóstico alto (86% y 94%, respectivamente). La supervivencia a cinco años de los GIST, TNE, linfoma y AC fue 94,7% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 68,1-99,2), 82,2% (IC 95%: 57,6-93,3), 40,0% (IC 95%: 16,5-82,8) y 25,9% (IC 95%: 4,5-55,7), respectivamente. Los TNE (hazard ratio [HR] 6,1; IC 95%: 2,1-17,2) y GIST (HR 24,4; IC 95%: 3,0-19,8) se asociaron de forma independiente con una mayor supervivencia en comparación con AC, ajustado por edad y sexo.

Conclusiones

Los TID malignos son enfermedades poco frecuentes y los TNE son el subtipo histológico más común. La presentación clínica en el momento del diagnóstico, localización o complicaciones pueden sugerir un dictamen más probable. Los GIST y TNE se asocian a una mejor supervivencia en comparación con otros subtipos malignos.

Palabras clave:
Adenocarcinoma de intestino delgado
Tumores neuroendocrinos
Tumores del estroma gastrointestinal
Enteroclisis

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