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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Perceived barriers and benefits in the participation in faecal occult blood test...
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Vol. 46. Issue 3.
Pages 185-194 (March 2023)
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Vol. 46. Issue 3.
Pages 185-194 (March 2023)
Original article
Perceived barriers and benefits in the participation in faecal occult blood test colorectal cancer screening programme
Barreras y beneficios percibidos en la participación en el cribado de cáncer de colon mediante test de sangre oculta en heces
Martín Menéndez Rodrígueza,b,
Corresponding author
, Natalia García-Moralesc,d, Teresa Seoane Pilladoe, Jorge Garau Ramírezf, Alba Traver Salvadorg, Yésica Hervás Jiménezf, Noel Pin Vieitod,h, Luis Menéndez Rodríguezi, Joaquín Cubiellad,h,j
a Primary Health Center Salceda de Caselas, Gerencia de Gestión Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
b Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo Sergas, Vigo, Spain
d South Galicia Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
e Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña-INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
f Primary Health Center Chile, Área Hospital Clínic-Malvarrosa, Valencia, Spain
g Primary Health Center Morella, Área de Salud de Vinaróz, Castellón, Spain
h Digestive Service, Hospital Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
i Psiquiatry Service, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
j Center for Biomedical Research Network for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Ourense, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Colorectal cancer is the second cancer-related cause of death in the world. Tumour stage at diagnosis is the principal prognosis factor of survival. However, the participation in the programme is around 50%. The aim of the study was to identify the benefits and barriers perceived by the population when participating in a colorectal cancer screening programme with faecal occult blood test.

Methods

We carried out a cases–controls study with 408 participants. We analyzed epidemiological and social variables associated with lifestyle and behavioural factors based in the Health Belief Model. We conducted a descriptive analysis, and identified variables associated to adherence by a logistic regression.

Results

Variables independently associated with the participation in a colorectal cancer screening programme were age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.11), having a stable partner (OR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.20–3.18), the level of education (OR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.02–2.47) and two of the barriers to participate in the faecal occult blood test screening: “you don’t know how to do one” (OR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.23–0.93) and “it is not that important right now” (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.78).

Conclusion

The existing barriers for screening with faecal occult blood test are the best factor predicting. This is relevant when designing the intervention programmes, as they should focus on reducing perceived barriers to increase the participation in colorectal cancer screening, thereby reducing colorectal cancer mortality.

Keywords:
Colorectal neoplasms
Mass screening
Mortality
Health Belief Model
Primary health care
Resumen
Antecedentes

El cáncer colorrectal constituye la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. El estadio del tumor al diagnóstico es el principal factor pronóstico de supervivencia. Sin embargo, la participación en el programa está en torno al 50%. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los beneficios y las barreras percibidos por la población al participar en un programa de cribado de cáncer de colon mediante el test de sangre oculta en heces.

Métodos

Estudio de casos y controles con 408 participantes en el que analizamos variables sociodemográficas, variables asociadas al estilo de vida y factores conductuales basados en el Modelo de Creencias en Salud. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo y, para identificar las variables asociadas a la adhesión al programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal, una regresión logística.

Resultados

Las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente a la participación en el programa fueron la edad (OR 1,06; IC 95% 1,01-1,11), tener pareja estable (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,20-3,18), el nivel de estudios (OR 1,59; IC 95% 1,02-2,47) y 2 de las barreras para participar en el cribado mediante test de sangre oculta en heces: «no sabe cómo hacerlo» (OR 0,46; IC 95% 0,23-0,93) y «no es un problema importante en el momento actual» (OR 0,3; IC 95% 0,24-0,78).

Conclusión

Las barreras existentes para el cribado mediante test de sangre oculta en heces son el mejor factor predictivo de participación. Esto es importante a la hora de diseñar los programas de cribado de cáncer colorrectal, ya que la reducción de las barreras percibidas aumentará la participación en los mismos, reduciendo así la mortalidad por cáncer de colon.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Cribado poblacional
Mortalidad
Modelo de Creencias en Salud
Atención Primaria

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