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Vol. 47. Issue 5.
Pages 433-438 (May 2024)
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Vol. 47. Issue 5.
Pages 433-438 (May 2024)
Original article
Use of non-invasive scales for detecting esophageal varices in paediatric patients with portal vein thrombosis
Utilización de escalas no invasivas en la detección de varices esofágicas en pacientes con trombosis venosa portal
Irene Diéguez Hernández-Vaquero
Corresponding author
irened1402@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Anna Domènech Tàrrega, Adrià Costa-Roig, Miguel Couselo Jerez, Juan José Vila Carbó
Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Universitari i Politècnic de La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Predictive scales for esophageal varices (OV).
Table 2. Patient characteristics.
Table 3. Results of non-invasive predictive scales in OGD.
Table 4. AUROC comparison of clinical prediction rule (CPR), varices prediction rule (VPR), King's Variceal Prediction Score (K-VaPS) and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PSR) scales using the Hanley–McNeil test.
Table 5. Diagnostic value of the scales.
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Abstract
Introduction

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the most frequent cause of portal hypertension in paediatric population. Baveno VI Consensus considers endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) as the second therapeutic option after Meso-Rex bypass (surgical shunt).

Aim

Analyse the diagnostic profitability of non-invasive scales in order to predict the risk of esophageal varices (OV) in children with PVT.

Materials and methods

Descriptive retrospective study where every upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) carried on patients <15 years old with non-cirrhotic PVT were included. There were divided according to the presence of OV and sex, cause, age, previous gastrointestinal bleeding or treatments, results of UGE and scales (Clinical Prediction Rule-CPR), Varices Prediction Rule-VPR), King’s Variceal Prediction Score-K-VaPS) and Platelet count / Spleen diameter Ratio-PSR). Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage, and quantitative variables as median and intercuartilic range. U Mann–Whitney and Hanley–McNeil tests were used for comparisons.

Results

45 UGE were analysed. 80% (n = 36) presented OV: median of 3(2–3) and 33,3%(n = 12) required EVL. Statistical differences were demonstrated between both groups: CPR (142,39 (132,22–166,53) vs. 122,75 (115,24–133,15); p = 0,003), VPR (9,91 (9,36 – 11,75) vs. 5,6 (3,34–8,39) p = 0,001), K-VaPS (117,86 (99,66–126,58) vs. 99,64 (94,88–110,18) p = 0,019), PSR (2384,62 (1902,22–3201,63) vs. 1252,5 (579,6–2144,42) p = 0,05), with and area under the curve AUROC > 75%, without statistical differences between scales.

Conclusions

In paediatric patients with non-cirrotic PVT non-invasive scales can be used as a tool to predict the presence of OV and raise the indication of UGE.

Keywords:
Esophageal varices
Portal thrombosis
Ligation
Resumen
Introducción

La trombosis portal (TVP) es la causa más frecuente de hipertensión portal en población pediátrica. El Consenso de Baveno VI considera la ligadura endoscópica de varices (LEV) como segunda opción terapéutica tras el Meso-Rex-bypass (shunt quirúrgico).

Objetivo

Analizar la rentabilidad diagnóstica de escalas no invasivas para predecir el riesgo de varices esofágicas (VE) en niños con TVP.

Material y métodos

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo donde se incluyeron endoscopias digestivas altas (EDA) en pacientes <15 años con TVP no cirróticos. Se dividieron según la presencia de VE y se estudiaron sexo, etiología, edad, hemorragia digestiva o tratamientos previos, resultados de EDA y las escalas (Regla Predicción Clínica-CPR, Regla Predicción Varices-VPR, King’s Variceal Prediction Score-K-VaPS y ratio plaquetas/bazo-RPB). Las variables cualitativas se expresaron mediante frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje, y las cuantitativas mediante mediana y rango intercuartílico. Para las comparaciones se emplearon los test U de Mann–Whitney y Hanley–McNeil.

Resultados

Se realizaron 45 EDA. Un 80%(n = 36) presentaron VE: mediana de 3 (2–3) y un 33,3% (n = 12) precisó LEV. Se demostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos: CPR (142,39 (132,22–166,53) vs. 122,75 (115,24–133,15) p = 0,003), VPR (9,91 (9,36 – 11,75) vs. 5,6 (3,34 – 8,39) p = 0,001), K-VaPS (117,86 (99,66–126,58) vs. 99,64 (94,88–110,18) p = 0,019), RPB (2384,62 (1902,22–3201,63) vs. 1252,5 (579,6–2144,42) p = 0,05), con un área bajo la curva >75%, sin demostrarse diferencias entre escalas.

Conclusiones

En pacientes pediátricos con TVP no cirróticos se pueden emplear escalas no invasivas como herramienta para predecir la presencia de VE y plantear con ello la indicación de EDA.

Palabras clave:
Varices esofágicas
Trombosis portal
Ligadura

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