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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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Original article
Uncorrected Proof. Available online 1 July 2024
Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Incidencia de herpes zóster en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: estudio observacional y retrospectivo en dos hospitales españoles de tercer nivel
Anna Calma, Margalida Calafata,b,
Corresponding author
margalidasard.calafat@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Carlos González-Muñozac, Fiorella Cañetea,b, Cristina Roigc, Míriam Mañosaa,b, Esther Garcia-Planellac, Eugeni Domènecha,b,d
a Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Cataluña, Spain
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Badalona, Spain
c Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
d Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
Received 06 November 2023. Accepted 28 January 2024
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Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients included according to whether or not they developed herpes zoster.
Table 2. Univariate analysis of the factors associated with developing herpes zoster.
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Abstract
Background

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and associated with chronic morbidity, particularly with post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an increased risk of HZ, mainly when immunosuppressive treatment (IMT) is used. However, studies assessing the risk of HZ in IBD are scarce.

Aims

To evaluate the incidence rate and risk factors of HZ in IBD.

Methods

Retrospective study in IBD patients with a positive VVZ serology from two referral hospitals from the area of Barcelona. Diagnosis of HZ and its clinical features were recorded.

Results

A total of 398 IBD patients with a positive IgG-VVZ serology were identified. Fifty-eight percent of the patients received IMT (46.5% immunosuppressants monotherapy, 20.6% biologics monotherapy and, 32.7% combination therapy). After a median follow-up of 71 months (IQR 41.5–138.0), 17 (4.3%) patients developed HZ (cumulative incidence of 5.2 per 1000 person-year), 12 of them (70.6%) while receiving IMT. Median age at HZ episode was 38 years (IQR 27.5–52.5). Two (11%) developed PHN. Biological therapy was the only risk factor for developing HZ (OR 3.8 IC95% 1.3–11.5; p = 0.018).

Conclusions

HZ is quite prevalent in IBD, occurring at early ages and particularly among patients using IMT. NPH appears to occur in a notable proportion of cases.

Keywords:
Herpes zoster
Inflammatory bowel disease
Immunosuppression
Risk factors
Resumen
Introducción

El herpes zóster (HZ) es una enfermedad prevalente causada por la reactivación del virus varicela-zóster (VVZ) y asociada a morbilidad crónica, particularmente la neuralgia postherpética (NPH). La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) se ha asociado un mayor riesgo de HZ, especialmente en pacientes con terapia inmunosupresora (TIMS). Sin embargo, los estudios que evalúan el riesgo de HZ en la EII son escasos.

Objetivos

Evaluar la tasa de incidencia y factores de riesgo relacionados con HZ en la EII.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con EII y serología VVZ positiva de dos hospitales de referencia del área de Barcelona. Se registraron los casos de HZ y su evolución.

Resultados

Se identificaron 398 pacientes con EII y serología positiva para VVZ. El 58% de los pacientes recibieron TIMS en algún momento del seguimiento (46,5% monoterapia con inmunosupresores, 20,6% monoterapia con biológicos y 32,7% terapia combinada). Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 71 meses (RIC 41,5–138,0), 17 (4,3%) pacientes desarrollaron HZ (incidencia acumulada de 5,2/1.000 personas-año), doce de ellos (70,6%) durante TIMS. Dos pacientes (11%) desarrollaron NPH. La mediana de edad en el episodio de HZ fue de 38 años (RIC 27,5–52,5). El tratamiento biológico fue el único factor asociado al desarrollo de HZ (OR 3,8 IC 95% 1,3–11,5; p = 0,018).

Conclusión

El HZ es relativamente prevalente en la EII, ocurre a edades tempranas y particularmente entre pacientes que utilizan TIMS. La NPH parece ocurrir en una notable proporción de casos.

Palabras clave:
Herpes zóster
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Inmunosupresión
Factores de riesgo

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