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Inicio Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular Hipertensión arterial después del trasplante renal
Journal Information
Vol. 19. Issue 2.
Pages 80-90 (February 2002)
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Vol. 19. Issue 2.
Pages 80-90 (February 2002)
Hipertensión arterial después del trasplante renal
Arterial hypertension after renal transplantation
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7538
B. Domínguez-Gil*, B. Espejo, M.A. Muñoz, J.L. Rodicio, J.M. Morales
Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es extremadamente frecuente después del trasplante renal y presenta una clara relación con la nefropatía crónica del injerto y la morbimortalidad cardiovascular, ambas circunstancias principales responsables de la pérdida de los injertos renales a partir del primer año postrasplante. En su etiopatogenia participan numerosos factores, dentro de los cuales la propia medicación inmunosupresora, en concreto, los inhibidores de la calcineurina, desempeñan un papel fundamental. La HTA postrasplante ha de ser tratada enérgicamente con medidas higiénico-dietéticas y farmacológicas. La elección del fármaco antihipertensivo ha de realizarse de manera individualizada. Probablemente los calcioantagonistas sean los fármacos de primera línea, salvo en aquellos pacientes con proteinuria, en los que sería preferible utilizar un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o un antagonista de los receptores de angiotensina II. El advenimiento de nuevos fármacos inmunosupresores sin capacidad nefrotóxica ni prohipertensiva facilitará en un futuro el desarrollo de nuevos protocolos de inmunosupresión que permitirán minimizar la nefrotoxicidad, con el consiguiente impacto en la HTA postrasplante.

Palabras clave:
hipertensión arterial
trasplante renal
ciclosporina
estenosis arterial renal

Arterial hypertension (AH) control commonly occurs after renal transplantation and has an evident relationship with chronic allograft nephropathy and with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; both complications are important etiologic factors for renal allograft failure on the first year after the transplantation. Etiopathogenic mechanisms are numerous and the calcineurin inhibitors as immunossuppressive drugs play an important role in this context. Post-transplantation HA requires a vigorous treatment by means of a nutritional and pharmacologic approach. Antihypertensive medication must be an individualized decision making. Calcium antagonists are probably first line drugs except for those patients with proteinuria their outcome being better with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or with angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Developing new immunossuppressive drugs without nephrotoxicity or hypertension as adverse effects offers the possibility of developing new protocols for minimize nephrotoxicity and AH after renal transplantation.

Key words:
dose-daily-defined methodology
drug therapy
drug consumption study
arterial hypertension

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