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Original article
Available online 15 July 2024
Hereditary haemochromatosis: Prevalence and characterization of the disease in a tertiary hospital in Aragon
Hemocromatosis hereditaria: prevalencia y caracterización de la enfermedad en un hospital terciario en Aragón
Claudia Abadía Molinaa,
Corresponding author
cabadiamo@salud.aragon.es

Corresponding author.
, Nuria Goñi Rosa, Ricardo González Tarancónb, Luis Rello Varasa, M. del Valle Recasens Floresc, Silvia Izquierdo Álvarezb
a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
b Genetic Section, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
c Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Non-HFE and non-classic HFE variants description.
Table 2. Genotype characterization of patient with pathogenic/likely pathogenic and uncertain significant variants.
Table 3. Biochemical parameters and MRI of patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic and uncertain significant variants.
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Abstract
Background

The main genetic cause of iron overload is haemochromatosis (HC). In recent years, the study of non-HFE genes (HFE2, HJV, HAMP, TRF2, SLC40A1, and BMP6) has become relevant thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) techniques. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of both HFE (C282Y/HY63D variants) and non-HFE variants attending a tertiary hospital in Aragón, to predict the effect of the variants on the protein, and to establish a genotype–phenotype correlation evaluating with the clinical context.

Methods

Retrospective descriptive study from 2006 to 2020 of patients attended at genetic consultation in a reference hospital for HC in Aragon. We calculated prevalence of HFE and non-HFE variants. We analysed non-HFE genes (HFE2, HJV, HAMP, TRF2, SLC40A1, and BMP6), used bioinformatics tools, consulted different databases and measured clinical parameters (laboratory and imaging).

Results

The prevalence of C282Y homozygous was 5.95% respect the total of cases and 0.025% respect our population. The prevalence of non-HFE HC variants was 1.94% respect the total of cases and 0.008% respect our population. We found 27 variants in non-HFE genes and 4 in HFE gene, of which 6 were classified as variant of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), or likely pathogenic or pathogenic according to the ACMG classification criteria.

Conclusion

Our prevalence results are as expected, and similar to those obtained by other studies. Although some of the genetic findings explain the clinical symptoms of some of our patients, we remain have a high number of patients without a clear molecular diagnosis.

Keywords:
Haemochromatosis
Iron overload
Hyperferritinemia
Next-generation sequencing
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
Resumen
Antecedentes

La principal causa genética de sobrecarga de hierro es la hemocromatosis. En los últimos años ha ganado importancia el estudio de los genes no-HFE (HFE2, HJV, HAMP, TRF2, SLC40A1 y BMP6) gracias a las técnicas next-generation sequencing (NGS) y multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Nuestros objetivos son estimar la prevalencia de las variantes HFE (C282Y/HY63D) y no-HFE en nuestro hospital, predecir el efecto de las variantes en la proteína y establecer una correlación genotipo-fenotipo evaluando con el contesto clínico.

Metodología

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo desde 2006 a 2020 de pacientes que asistieron a consulta de genética en un hospital terciario en Aragón. Calculamos la prevalencia de las variantes HFE y no-HFE. Analizamos los genes no-HFE (HFE2, HJV, HAMP, TRF2, SLC40A1 y BMP6) usando herramientas bioinformáticas, consultando diferentes bases de datos y midiendo parámetros clínicos (laboratorio e imagen).

Resultados

La prevalencia de homocigotos C282Y fue del 5,95% respecto del total de casos y del 0,025% respecto de la población en Aragón. La prevalencia de variantes no-HFE fue del 1,94% respecto al total de casos y del 0,008% respecto de la población en Aragón. Encontramos 27 variantes en genes no-HFE y 4 en genes HFE, de las cuales 6 fueron clasificadas como de significado incierto, como probablemente patogénicas o como patogénicas según los criterios de clasificación de la ACMG.

Conclusión

Nuestros resultados de prevalencia fueron los esperados y similares a aquellos obtenidos en otros estudios. Aunque algunos de los hallazgos genéticos explican los síntomas clínicos de algunos de nuestros pacientes, seguimos teniendo un elevado número de pacientes sin un diagnóstico molecular claro.

Palabras clave:
Hemocromatosis
Sobrecarga de hierro
Hiperferritinemia
Next-generation sequencing
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

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