Journal Information
Vol. 131. Issue S3.
Pages 12-17 (December 2008)
Vol. 131. Issue S3.
Pages 12-17 (December 2008)
La investigación sobre seguridad del paciente: necesidades y perspectivas
Research on patient safety: needs and perspectives
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Una atención sanitaria segura requiere aplicar procedimientos y prácticas con demostrada efectividad para reducir la aparición de fallos, errores y resultados adversos y también generar nuevos conocimientos sobre los factores que contribuyen a mejorar la seguridad del paciente. Los resultados adversos y la seguridad del paciente no son conceptos distintos, sino las dos caras de una misma moneda: el riesgo asistencial. Debemos procurar que la prioridad de sanitarios y gestores sea la seguridad del paciente antes que las consecuencias de su deterioro. Son áreas fundamentales de investigación: estimar la magnitud y las características del riesgo clínico, comprender los factores que contribuyen a la aparición de resultados adversos, evaluar el impacto de los resultados adversos en el sistema sanitario e identificar soluciones efectivas, factibles y sostenibles para lograr una atención segura. Las cuestiones clave al elaborar proyectos de investigación sobre seguridad del paciente son: los objetivos del proyecto, su prioridad, la calidad de los datos e información, los recursos disponibles y la metodología. El estudio de la seguridad del paciente y los resultados adversos precisa de dos perspectivas complementarias: una colectiva, fundamentada en el método epidemiológico y orientada a cuantificar los riesgos asistenciales, y otra individual, basada en métodos cualitativos, encaminada a analizar las causas y los factores contribuyentes. Para mejorar la investigación sobre seguridad del paciente son necesarios: mejores sistemas de información, mayor colaboración entre los países desarrollados y países en transición y formación y difusión amplia de experiencias y resultados de los proyectos.
Palabras clave:
Evaluación del riesgo
Seguridad de pacientes
Investigación
A safe health care system requires applying procedures and practices that have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing errors, faults and adverse events in health care, but it also needs to update its knowledge on the factors that contribute to improve patient safety. Adverse events and patient safety are two sides of the same coin, clinical risk. We must ensure that the priority of health managers and providers is aimed at patient safety more than adverse events. They are some fundamental areas of research in patient safety: to estimate the magnitude and features of the clinical risk, to understand the factors contributing to the appearance of adverse events, to evaluate the impact of adverse events on health care system and to identify effective, feasible and sustainable solutions to achieve a safe health care. Key points of patient safety research projects are: aims of research, priority, data and information quality, available resources and methodology. The study of the patient safety and adverse events needs two complementary perspectives: a collective one, based on epidemiological methods and aimed at quantifying the risks in healthcare, and an individual one, based on qualitative methods, to analyze causes and factors contributing to adverse events. Several things are required to improve the patient safety research: better data and information systems, greater collaboration in training between developed and transitional countries, and wider dissemination of experiences and results of the projects. Key points of patient safety research projects are: aims of research, priority, data and information quality, available resources and methodology. The study of the patient safety and adverse events needs two complementary perspectives: a collective, based on epidemiological method and guided to quantifying the risks of healthcare, and another individual, based on qualitative methods, to analyze causes and contributing factors of adverse events. To improve the patient safety research are necessary: better data and information systems, bigger collaboration between developed and transitional countries training and wide dissemination of experiences and results of the projects.
Keywords:
Risk assessment
Safety
Research
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