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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Comparison of two antifibrotic treatments for lung fibrosis in post-COVID-19 syn...
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Vol. 160. Issue 12.
Pages 525-530 (June 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 12.
Pages 525-530 (June 2023)
Original article
Comparison of two antifibrotic treatments for lung fibrosis in post-COVID-19 syndrome: A randomized, prospective study
Comparación de dos tratamientos antifibróticos para la fibrosis pulmonar en el síndrome post-COVID-19: un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado
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Buğra Kergeta,
Corresponding author
bjkerget1903@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Gizem Çila, Ömer Araza, Fatih Alperb, Metin Akgünc
a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
b Department of Radiology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240 Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
c Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University School of Medicine, 04100 Ağrı, Turkey
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Abstract
Background

Although pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 infection is uncommon, it can lead to problems if not treated effectively in the early period. This study aimed to compare the effects of treatment with nintedanib and pirfenidone in patients with COVID-19-related fibrosis.

Methods

Thirty patients who presented to the post-COVID outpatient clinic between May 2021 and April 2022 with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia and exhibited persistent cough, dyspnea, exertional dyspnea, and low oxygen saturation at least 12 weeks after diagnosis were included. The patients were randomized to receive off-label treatment with nintedanib or pirfenidone and were followed up for 12 weeks.

Results

After 12 weeks of treatment, all pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters, 6MWT distance, and oxygen saturation were increased compared to baseline in both the pirfenidone group and nintedanib groups, while heart rate and radiological score levels were decreased (p<0.05 for all). The changes in 6MWT distance and oxygen saturation were significantly greater in the nintedanib group than in the pirfenidone group (p=0.02 and 0.005, respectively). Adverse drug effects were more frequent with nintedanib than pirfenidone, with the most common being diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Conclusion

In patients with interstitial fibrosis after COVID-19 pneumonia, both nintedanib and pirfenidone were observed to be effective in improving radiological score and PFT parameters. Nintedanib was more effective than pirfenidone in increasing exercise capacity and saturation values but caused more adverse drug effects.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Nintedanib
Pirfenidone
Resumen
Introducción

Aunque la fibrosis pulmonar secundaria a la infección por COVID-19 es poco común, puede generar problemas si no se trata de manera efectiva en el período inicial. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos del tratamiento con nintedanib y pirfenidona en pacientes con fibrosis relacionada con COVID-19.

Métodos

Se incluyeron 30 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa post-COVID entre mayo de 2021 y abril de 2022 con antecedentes de neumonía por COVID-19 y presentaron tos persistente, disnea, disnea de esfuerzo y baja saturación de oxígeno al menos 12semanas después del diagnóstico. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir un tratamiento no aprobado con nintedanib o pirfenidona y fueron seguidos durante 12semanas.

Resultados

Después de 12semanas de tratamiento, todos los parámetros de la prueba de función pulmonar (PFT), la distancia de la PM6M y la saturación de oxígeno aumentaron en comparación con los valores basales tanto en el grupo de pirfenidona como en el de nintedanib, mientras que la frecuencia cardíaca y los niveles de puntuación radiológica disminuyeron (p<0,05 para todos). Los cambios en la distancia de la PM6M y la saturación de oxígeno fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de nintedanib que en el grupo de pirfenidona (p=0,02 y p=0,005, respectivamente). Los efectos adversos del fármaco fueron más frecuentes con nintedanib que con pirfenidona, siendo los más comunes diarrea, náuseas y vómitos.

Conclusión

En pacientes con fibrosis intersticial después de neumonía por COVID-19 se observó que tanto nintedanib como pirfenidona son efectivos para mejorar la puntuación radiológica y los parámetros de la PFT. Nintedanib fue más eficaz que pirfenidona para aumentar la capacidad de ejercicio y los valores de saturación, pero provocó más efectos adversos del fármaco.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Nintedanib
Pirfenidona

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