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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for the renal relapse of lup...
Journal Information
Vol. 161. Issue 7.
Pages 277-285 (October 2023)
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Vol. 161. Issue 7.
Pages 277-285 (October 2023)
Original article
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for the renal relapse of lupus nephritis
Desarrollo y validación de un nomograma pronóstico para la recaída renal de la nefritis lúpica
Nanchi Liua, Dongchuan Lib, Yan Zhoua, Xingjian Zhanga, Shanshan Liua, Ruixia Maa,,
Corresponding author
anita1685@163.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
b Department of Nephrology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandon 266000, PR China
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Tables (5)
Table 1. The treatment options of patients.
Table 2. Demographics, pathological and clinical characteristics of patients.
Table 3. Laboratory characteristics of patients.
Table 4. Univariate analysis of ANA titer.
Table 5. Risk factor of relapse in patients by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.
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Abstract
Objectives

This study aims to assess the risk of relapse after complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and to develop a prognostic nomogram predicting the probability in lupus nephritis (LN) patients.

Methods

Data from patients with LN who had been in remission were collected as a training cohort. The prognostic factors were analyzed using the univariable and multivariable Cox model for the training group. A nomogram was then developed using significant predictors in multivariable analysis. Both discrimination and calibration were assessed by bootstrapping with 100 resamples.

Results

A total of 247 participants were enrolled, including 108 in the relapse group and 139 in the no relapse group. In multivariate Cox analysis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complement 1q (C1q), and antiphospholipid (aPL), anti-Sm antibody were found to be significant for predicting relapse rates. The prognostic nomogram including the aforementioned factors effectively predicted 1- and 3-year probability of flare-free. Moreover, a favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities was demonstrated using calibration curves.

Conclusions

High SLEDAI, ESR, and positive aPL, anti-Sm antibody are potential risk factors for LN flare, while high C1q can reduce its recurrence. The visualized model we established can help predict the relapse risk of LN and aid clinical decision-making for individual patients.

Keywords:
Lupus nephritis
Relapse
Predictors
Nomogram
Resumen
Objetivos

Este estudio pretende evaluar el riesgo de recaída tras la remisión completa y la remisión parcial, y desarrollar un nomograma pronóstico que prediga la probabilidad en pacientes con nefritis lúpica (NL).

Métodos

Se recogieron datos de pacientes con NL que habían estado en remisión como cohorte de entrenamiento. Se analizaron los factores pronósticos utilizando el modelo COX univariable y multivariable para el grupo de entrenamiento. A continuación se desarrolló un nomograma utilizando los predictores significativos en el análisis multivariable. Tanto la discriminación como la calibración se evaluaron mediante bootstrapping con 100 remuestreos.

Resultados

Se inscribió a un total de 247 participantes, incluidos 108 en el grupo de recaída y 139 en el grupo sin recaída. En el análisis multivariante de Cox, el índice de actividad de la enfermedad lúpica eritematosa sistémica (SLEDAI), la velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), el complemento 1q (C1q) y los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (aPL) y anti-Sm resultaron significativos para predecir las tasas de recaída. El nomograma pronóstico que incluía los factores mencionados predijo eficazmente la probabilidad a 1 y a 3 años de estar libre de reagudizaciones. Además, se demostró una coherencia favorable entre las probabilidades de supervivencia previstas y las reales mediante curvas de calibración.

Conclusiones

SLEDAI alto, VSG y aPL positivo, anticuerpos anti-Sm son factores de riesgo potenciales de reagudización de la NL, mientras que C1q alto puede reducir su recurrencia. El modelo visualizado que establecimos puede ayudar a predecir el riesgo de recidiva de la NL y ayudar a la toma de decisiones clínicas para pacientes individuales.

Palabras clave:
Nefritis lúpica
Recaída
Predictores
Nomograma

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