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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Metabolic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients under Mediterranean ...
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Vol. 162. Issue 6.
Pages 259-264 (March 2024)
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Vol. 162. Issue 6.
Pages 259-264 (March 2024)
Original article
Metabolic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients under Mediterranean diet
Síndrome metabólico en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico con patrón de dieta mediterránea
Sara DelOlmo-Romeroa,b,
Corresponding author
sdelolmo@correo.ugr.es

Corresponding author.
, Irene Medina-Martíneza,b, Rocio Gil-Gutierreza,b, Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardinoa, María Correa-Rodrígueza,b, Norberto Ortego-Centenoa,c, Blanca Rueda-Medinaa,b
a Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain
b Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
c Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Descriptive characteristics, clinical data, components of MetS, medication use and lifestyle factors of SLE with and without metabolic syndrome by NCEP ATP III definition.
Table 2. Clinical SLE disease activity and laboratory data of SLE with and without metabolic syndrome by NCEP ATP III definition.
Table 3. Prevalence of clinical manifestations of SLE with and without metabolic syndrome by NCEP ATP III definition.
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Abstract
Background and aims

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic proinflammatory and prothrombotic condition that exacerbates insulin resistance, oxidative damage, and cardiovascular risk, being more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disorder. This study aim was to determine the prevalence of MetS and associations with SLE clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk and dietary pattern in a population of Spanish SLE patients.

Design and methods

Cross-sectional study of 293 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.8 (12.94)). The diagnosis of MetS was established based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Med Diet adherence was assessed through a 14 items questionnaire on food consumption frequency and habits.

Results

MetS was present in 15% SLE patients. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were significantly increased (p<0.001) in the group of MetS patients. Patients with MetS showed significantly increased SDI damage index (1.70 (1.69) vs 0.88 (1.12), p<0.001) and complement C3 level (118.70 (32.67) vs 107.55 (26.82), p=0.011). No significant differences were observed according to Med Diet adherence level.

Conclusion

We observed a lower prevalence of MetS in SLE than that reported in previous studies, which may be a result of the good level of adherence to the MedDiet in our study sample. Additionally, MetS was associated with higher SDI and complement C3 levels but no with medication use.

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Metabolic syndrome
Disease activity
Damage index
Mediterranean diet
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

El síndrome metabólico (SM) es una condición crónica proinflamatoria y protrombótica que exacerba resistencia a insulina, daño oxidativo y riesgo cardiovascular, más prevalente en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y trastorno autoinmune multisistémico crónico. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de SM y asociación con características clínicas del LES, riesgo cardiovascular y patrón dietético en pacientes españoles con LES.

Diseño y métodos

Estudio transversal, 293 pacientes (90,4% mujeres; edad media 46,85 [12,94]). Diagnóstico de SM según criterios National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Se utilizó el Índice de Actividad de la Enfermedad del LES (SLEDAI-2K) e Índice de Daño del LES para evaluar actividad de la enfermedad y el daño relacionado con la enfermedad. Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de 14 ítems sobre frecuencia y hábitos de consumo de alimentos.

Resultados

El 15% de los pacientes con LES presentaron SM. Encontramos triglicéridos, colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad, presión arterial sistólica y perímetro cintura significativamente elevados (p<0,001) en pacientes con SM. Pacientes con SM mostraron índice de daño SDI (1,70 [1,69] vs. 0,88 [1,12]; p<0,001) y nivel de complemento C3 (118,70 [32,67] vs. 107,55 [26,82]; p=0,011) significativamente elevados. No diferencias significativas según el nivel de adherencia a la DM.

Conclusiones

Observamos menor prevalencia de SM en pacientes con LES que la descrita en estudios previos, podría deberse a la buena adherencia a la DM en nuestra muestra. El SM se asoció con mayores niveles de SDI y complemento C3, no con el uso de medicación.

Palabras clave:
Lupus sistémico eritematoso
Síndrome metabólico
Actividad de la enfermedad
Índice de daño
Dieta mediterránea

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