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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Retinal venous occlusion and its association with atherosclerotic vascular disea...
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Vol. 163. Issue 4.
Pages 199-207 (August 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue 4.
Pages 199-207 (August 2024)
Review
Retinal venous occlusion and its association with atherosclerotic vascular disease
Oclusión venosa de retina y su asociación con la enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica
María Larrousse Morellóna,
Corresponding author
, Yéssica López Loureiroa, Susana Ruiz Bilbaob
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Summary of retinal venous occlusion-related diseases.
Table 2. Risk factors associated with retinal venous occlusion.
Table 3. Main case-control studies investigating the association between mortality, stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with RVO. In order to reduce the length of the table, cohort studies with more than 1,000 patients with RVO were selected.
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Abstract

Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most frequent cause of decreased visual acuity due to retinal vascular involvement, after diabetic retinopathy. Its etiology is not completely clear. Current scientific evidence suggests that it is related to the atherosclerotic process based on the high number of cardiovascular risk factors and the higher incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients. In fact, RVO has a 45% increased risk of stroke, 26% of acute myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, 53% of heart failure and a 36% increase in overall mortality, compared to the general population adjusted for age, sex and the different cardiovascular risk factors. However, no increase in cardiovascular mortality has been detected. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach to this entity is essential.

Keywords:
Retinal venous occlusion
Cardiovascular risk factors
Atheromatosis
Atherosclerotic vascular disease
Resumen

La oclusión venosa retiniana (OVR) es la segunda causa más frecuente de disminución de la agudeza visual por afectación vascular de la retina, por detrás de la retinopatía diabética. Su etiología no está completamente esclarecida. La evidencia científica actual sugiere que estaría relacionada con el proceso aterosclerótico en base al elevado número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la mayor incidencia de episodios cardiovasculares que tienen estos pacientes. De hecho, la OVR tiene un riesgo aumentado del 45% de presentar un accidente cerebrovascular, un 26% de infarto agudo de miocardio y de arteriopatía obliterante, un 53% de insuficiencia cardíaca y un aumento del 36% de mortalidad global, respecto a la población general ajustada por edad, sexo y los diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Sin embargo, no se ha detectado un aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular. Por todo ello, es indispensable el abordaje clínico multidisciplinar de esta entidad.

Palabras clave:
Oclusión venosa retiniana
Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares
Ateriosclerosis
Enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica

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