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Available online 19 July 2024
Arbovirus - A threat to transfusion safety in Spain: A narrative review
Arbovirus como amenaza para la seguridad transfusional en España: revisión narrativa
Ángel Giménez-Richartea,
Corresponding author
Angelgimenezricharte@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Cristina Arbona Castañoa, José-Manuel Ramos-Rincónb
a Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
b Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
Received 02 October 2023. Accepted 16 January 2024
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Tables (4)
Table 1. West Nile virus cases reported in Spain.
Table 2. Arboviruses that could pose a threat to transfusion safety due to direct non-vectorial transmission mechanism.
Table 3. Main commercial methods for the diagnosis of arboviruses in humans.44
Table 4. Main pathogen inactivation methods for each type of blood component.
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Abstract

Arboviruses represent a threat to transfusion safety for several reasons: the presence of vectors and the notification of autochthonous cases in our region, the recent increase in the number of cases transmitted through blood and/or blood component transfusion, the high prevalence rates of RNA of the main arboviruses in asymptomatic blood donors, and their ability to survive processing and storage in the different blood components.

In an epidemic outbreak caused by an arbovirus in our region, transfusion centres can apply different measures: reactive measures, related to donor selection or arbovirus screening, and proactive measures, such as pathogen inactivation methods.

The study of the epidemiology of the main arboviruses and understanding the effectiveness of the different measures that we can adopt are essential to ensure that our blood components remain safe.

Keywords:
Arbovirus
Blood donors
Blood transfusion
Transfusion safety
Pathogen inactivation methods
Chikungunya virus
Dengue virus
West Nile virus
Zika virus
Resumen

Los arbovirus constituyen una amenaza para la seguridad transfusional por diversos motivos: la presencia de vectores y la notificación de casos autóctonos en nuestro medio, el reciente aumento de casos transmitidos a través de la transfusión de sangre y/o componentes, por las altas tasas de prevalencia de ARN de los principales arbovirus en donantes de sangre asintomáticos y, por su capacidad para sobrevivir al procesamiento y almacenamiento en los distintos componentes sanguíneos.

Ante un brote epidémico provocado por un arbovirus en nuestro entorno, los centros de transfusión podemos aplicar distintas medidas: de tipo reactivo, relacionadas con la selección del donante o el cribado del arbovirus y de tipo proactivo, como la inactivación de patógenos.

El estudio de la epidemiología de los principales arbovirus y el conocimiento de la eficacia de las distintas medidas que podemos adoptar son fundamentales para garantizar que nuestros componentes sanguíneos siguen siendo seguros.

Palabras clave:
Arbovirus
Donantes de sangre
Transfusión sanguínea
Seguridad transfusional
Inactivación viral
Virus Chikungunya
Virus del dengue
Virus del Nilo Occidental
Virus Zika

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