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Inicio Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN Conducta alimentaria y trastornos alimentarios en población femenina
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Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 179-182 (April 2003)
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Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 179-182 (April 2003)
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Conducta alimentaria y trastornos alimentarios en población femenina
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F. Suárez Gonzáleza,
Corresponding author
fsuarezg@medynet.com

Correspondencia: F. Suárez González. Castillo Villagarcía de la Torre, 24. 06006 Badajoz
, F.J. Vaz Lealb
a Médico de Familia. Centro de Salud de San Roque
b Médico psiquiatra. Departamento de Psiquiatría. Universidad de Extremadura. Badajoz
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Objetivos

. Se analizan mujeres rurales para detectar disfunciones alimentarias y aislar factores de riesgo en Atención Primaria que puedan llevar a la bulimia y se puedan prevenir, así como valorar la continuidad de las alteraciones en la población general, subclínica y bulímica.

Método

. El grupo con 179 sujetos del sexo femenino lo formaban mujeres de 14 y 21 años, estudiantes de tres institutos de enseñanza media del suroeste de Badajoz, de las cuales 127 se presentaban sin disfunciones alimentarias, 57 subclínicas, y 63 con formas completas de bulimia (criterios CIE-10).

Resultados

. Tenían sobrepeso en la infancia el 14,4%, frente al 26,6%, que lo tenían en la adolescencia. El 71,3% que puntuó negativo en el EAT y BITE no tenia trastornos alimentarios; el 18,5% lo hacían en uno de los dos, tenían disfunción moderada; y el 10,1% en las dos, completa. Se determinaron los factores relacionados con las formas subclínicas o completas y los que llevan de unas a las otras. Las edades de más riesgo fueron entre 13 y 16 años.

Conclusiones

. La prevención y detección precoz de los trastornos debe ser en el ámbito académico, en colaboración con Atención Primaria.

El sobrepeso real o subjetivo, un ideal corporal asociado a un peso muy bajo, la falta de habilidades sociales, la adaptabilidad a las exigencias del entorno y la evidencia de antecedentes de abusos sexuales llevaría a las formas subclínicas, pasando a formas completas si se utilizan dietas estrictas, como control del peso, así como hacer ejercicios compulsivos y autoprovocación del vómito.

Palabras claves:
trastornos alimentarios
población rural
sexo femenino
Objectives

. Rural women are analyzed to detect eating disorders and to isolate risk factors in Primary Health Care that can lead to bulimia and can be prevented and to assess the continuity of the disorders in the general, subclinical and bulimic population.

Method

. The group with 179 female subjects, between 14 and 21 years, was made up of students from three Middle Education Institutes in the South East of Badajoz, 127 without eating disorders, 57 subclinical, and 63 with complete forms of bulimia (ICD-10 criteria).

Results

. A total of 14.4% were overweight as a child compared to 26.6% who were as an adolescent. 71.3% scored negative on the EAT and BITE, had no eating disorders and 18.5% did so in one of the two questionnaires, had moderate dysfunction and 10.1% did so on both, with complete dysfunction. Factors related with the subclinical or complete forms and that which leads from one to another were determined. Ages of most risk were between 13 and 16 years.

Conclusions

. Prevention and early detection of the disorders should be in the academic setting, in collaboration with Primary Health Care.

Real or subjective overweight, an ideal body associated to a very low weight, lack of social skills and adaptability to the demands of the surroundings and the evidence of background of sexual abuse would lead to the subclinical forms, passing to complete forms if strict diets, as weight control, are used, as well as doing compulsive exercise and self-provocation of vomiting.

Key words:
eating disorders
rural population
female gender
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L. y Sociedad Española de Medicina Rural y Generalista (SEMERGEN)
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