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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Catástrofes neurológicas
Pages 37-45 (October 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Catástrofes neurológicas
Pages 37-45 (October 2010)
Catástrofes Neurológicas
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Enfermedades neuromusculares catastrófi cas
Catastrophic neuromuscular diseases
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J.L. Muñoz Blanco
Corresponding author
jmunozb.hgugm@salud.madrid.org

Correo electrónico.
Unidad ELA-Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Resumen

El neurólogo debe anticipar y reconocer el inicio de la insuficiencia respiratoria en los pacientes neuromusculares. La sintomatología varía en función de la velocidad de instauración de la debilidad de la musculatura respiratoria. Las situaciones de catástrofe suelen acontecer en 3 supuestos clínicos: 1) manejo incorrecto de una insuficiencia respiratoria aguda de origen neuromuscular, disautonomía o durante una anestesia general a pacientes neuromusculares; 2) pronóstico y tratamiento erróneos por falta de un diagnóstico acertado; esta situación es más frecuente en pacientes críticos dependientes de un ventilador con debilidad muscular asociada, en el diferencial de neuropatías agudas o enfermedad de la neurona motora, y 3) inadecuada actuación médica en el paciente neuromuscular con diagnóstico definido, pero con larga evolución (esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, atrofia muscular espinal, distrofia miotónica y otras distrofias musculares).

Palabras clave:
Miastenia
Guillain-Barré
Insuficiencia respiratoria
Ventilación
Abstract

Neurologists should anticipate and recognize the onset of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Symptoms vary according to the speed of onset of respiratory muscle weakness. Catastrophic situations usually occur in three clinical scenarios: 1) incorrect management of acute respiratory failure of neuromuscular origin, autonomic dysfunction or during general anaesthesia of patients with neuromuscular diseases ; 2) incorrect prognosis and treatment due to the lack of a correct diagnosis. This situation is more common in ventilated patients with associated muscular weakness, acute neuropathies or motor neuron disease, and 3) inappropriate medical intervention in patients with neuromuscular disease with a definitive diagnosis but longstanding disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies).

Keywords:
Myasthenia
Guillain-Barré
Respiratory failure
Ventilation
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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