Información del artículo
Resumen
Las enfermedades desmielinizantes pueden ser origen de catástrofes neurológicas por diversas razones. Las formas rápidamente progresivas o los episodios agudos graves pueden constituir serias amenazas para el paciente. Por otro lado, los propios procesos diagnósticos, los errores de identificación e incluso los tratamientos pueden llevar a la catástrofe en sí mismos. En este artículo se revisan las formas catastróficas más frecuentes.
Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple
Neuromielitis óptica
Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva
Catástrofes desmielinizantes
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases may cause neurological catastrophes in several ways. Rapidly progressing disease or severe acute bouts may seriously threaten the patient's life. Diagnostic procedures, errors in identifying the clinical picture and even treatments themselves may result in a catastrophe. This article reviews the most frequent catastrophic scenarios.
Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis
Optic neuromyelitis
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Demyelinating catastrophes
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
W. Hu, C.F. Lucchinetti.
The pathological spectrum of CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
Semin Immunopathol, 31 (2009), pp. 439-453
[2.]
S. Krieger, F. Lublin, S. Oynhausen.
Overview of the clinical picture and outcomes in MS.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, 1ª. ed., pp. 24-25
[3.]
Creative Commons. Wikcionario [base de datos en internet]. Fundación Wikimedia; 2006 [acceso: 27 de junio de 2010]. Disponible en:http://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/catástrofe
[5.]
A. Pichiecchio, E. Tavazzi, G. Maccabelli, C.M. Precupanu, A. Romani, L. Roccatagliata, et al.
What insights have new imaging techniques given into aggressive forms of MS: different forms of MS or different from MS? Mult Scler, 15 (2009), pp. 285-293
[6.]
G.L. Mancardi, A. Murialdo, P. Rossi, F. Gualandi, G. Martino, A. Marmont, et al.
Autologous stem cell transplantation as rescue therapy in malignant forms of multiple sclerosis.
Mult Scler, 11 (2005), pp. 367-371
[7.]
O. Stüve, S. Cepok, B. Elias, A. Saleh, H.P. Hartung, B. Hemmer, et al.
Clinical stabilization and effective B-lymphocyte depletion in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of a patient with fulminant relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Arch Neurol, 62 (2005), pp. 1620-1623
[8.]
W. Krampla, F. Aboul-Enein, J. Jecel, W. Lang, E. Fertl, W. Hruby, et al.
Spinal cord lesions in patients with neuromyelitis optica: a retrospective long-term MRI follow-up study.
Eur Radiol., 19 (2009), pp. 2535-2543
[9.]
M.D. Johnson, P. Lavin, W.O. Whetsell.
Fulminant monophasic multiple sclerosis.
Marburg's type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53 (1990), pp. 918-921
[10.]
C. De Andrés, F. Anaya, S. Giménez-Roldán.
Tratamiento con plasma inmunoadsorción en brotes graves y prolongados de esclerosis múltiple maligna.
Rev Neurol, 30 (2000), pp. 601-605
[11.]
J. Sellner, B. Hemmer, M. Mühlau.
The clinical spectrum and immunobiology of parainfectious neuromyelitis optica (Devic) syndromes.
J Autoimmun, 34 (2010), pp. 371-379
[12.]
R. Sonneville, I. Klein, T. De Broucker, M. Wolff.
Post-infectious encephalitis in adults: diagnosis and management.
J Infect, 58 (2009), pp. 321-328
[13.]
J.J. González Sánchez, J. Ensenyat Nora, M. De Notaris, J. Rumia Arboix, C. García-Amorena García, E. Ferrer Rodríguez.
A case of malignant monophasic multiple sclerosis (Marburg's disease type) successfully treated with decompressive hemicranectomy.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, (2008),
[14.]
M.S. Walid, M. Sanoufa.
The diagnosis of Marburg disease is course-dependent.
Ger Med Sci, 8 (2010), pp. Doc06
[15.]
M.F. Méndez, S. Pogacar.
Malignant monophasic multiple sclerosis or “Marburg's disease”.
Neurology, 38 (1988), pp. 1153-1155
[16.]
J. Seze.
Formes frontières de la sclérose en plaques.
Rev Neurol (Paris), 162 (2006), pp. 137-143
[17.]
J. Seze, M. Debouverie, H. Zephir, C. Lebrun, F. Blanc, V. Bourg, et al.
Acute fulminant demyelinating disease A descriptive study of 60 patients.
Arch Neurol, 64 (2007), pp. 1426-1432
[18.]
C.F. Lucchinetti, R.H. Gavrilova, I. Metz, J.E. Parisi, B.W. Scheitheuer, S. Weigand, et al.
Clinical and radiographic spectrum of pathologically confirmed tumefactive multiple sclerosis.
Brain, 131 (2008), pp. 1759-1775
[19.]
P. Sobocki, M. Pugliatti, K. Lauer, G. Kobelt.
Estimation of the cost of MS in Europe: extrapolations from a multinational cost study.
Mult Scler, 13 (2007), pp. 1054-1064
[20.]
J. Rivera-Navarro, J. Benito-León, C. Oreja-Guevara, J. Pardo, W. Bowakim Dib, E. Orts, et al.
Burden and health-related quality of life of Spanish caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis.
Mult Scler, 15 (2009), pp. 1347-1355
[21.]
A. Degenhardt, S.V. Ramagopalan, A. Scalfari, G.C. Ebers.
Clinical prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis: a natural history review.
Nat Rev Neurol, 5 (2009), pp. 672-682
[22.]
F. Lublin, S. Reingold.
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA). Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey.
Neurology, 46 (1996), pp. 907-911
[23.]
S. Ory, M. Debouverie, E. Le Page, J. Pelletier, I. Malikova, O. Gout, et al.
Utilisation de la mitoxantrone dans les formes malignes inaugurales de sclérose en plaques. Étude observationnelle de 30 cas. Évaluations cliniques et IRM à un an.
Rev Neurol (Paris), 164 (2008), pp. 1028-1034
[24.]
M. Keegan, A.A. Pineda, R.L. McClelland, C.H. Darby, M. Rodríguez, B.G. Weinshenker.
Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response.
Neurology, 58 (2002), pp. 143-146
[25.]
J.F. Kurtzke.
A new scale for evaluating disability in multiple sclerosis.
Neurology, 5 (1955), pp. 580-583
[26.]
F. Letournel, J. Cassereau, C. Scherer-Gagou, I. Bernard, A. Mercat, F. Gray, et al.
An autopsy case of acute multiple sclerosis (Marburg's type) during pregnancy.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 110 (2008), pp. 514-517
[27.]
C. De Andres, C. Benito, S. Giménez-Roldán.
Síndrome de cautiverio combinado con risa incontrolada: una manifestación reversible de la esclerosis múltiple.
Rev Neurol, 101 (1992), pp. 25-29
[28.]
M.R. Haupts, S.K. Schimrigk, N. Brune, A. Chan, G. Ahle, K. Hellwig, et al.
Fulminant tumefactive multiple sclerosis: therapeutic implications of histopathology.
J Neurol, 255 (2008), pp. 1272-1273
[29.]
A. Fernández-Jaén, A. Martínez-Bermejo, M. Gutiérrez-Molina, V. López-Martín, A. Tendero, J. Arcas, et al.
Esclerosis mielinoclástica difusa de Schilder.
Rev Neurol, 33 (2001), pp. 16-21
[30.]
C. Garrido, A. Levy-Gomes, J. Teixeira, T. Temudo.
Enfermedad de Schilder: dos nuevos casos.
Rev Neurol, 39 (2004), pp. 734-738
[31.]
E. Capello, G.L. Mancardi.
Marburg type and Baló’s concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis.
Neurol Sci, 25 (2004), pp. S361-S363
[32.]
S. Love.
Establishing preconditions for Balo's concentric sclerosis.
Brain, 128 (2005), pp. 960-962
[33.]
C. Wang, K. Zhang, X. Wu, G. Huang, X. Xie, X. Qu, et al.
Baló’s disease showing benign clinical course and coexistence with multiple sclerosis-like lesions in Chinese.
Mult Scler, 14 (2008), pp. 418-424
[34.]
G. Iannucci, M. Mascalchi, F. Salvi, M. Filippi.
Vanishing Baló-like lesions in multiple sclerosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 69 (2000), pp. 399-400
[35.]
Y. Nakamura, Y. Kawachi, J. Furuta, F. Otsuka.
Severe local skin reactions to interferon beta-1b in multiple sclerosis-improvement by deep subcutaneous injection.
Eur J Dermatol, 18 (2008), pp. 579-582
[36.]
D. Koontz, A. Alshekhlee.
Embolia cutis medicamentosa following interferon beta injection.
Mult Scler, 13 (2007), pp. 1203-1204
[37.]
J.J. Marriott, J.M. Miyasaki, G. Gronseth, P.W. O’Connor.
The efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Neurology, 74 (2010), pp. 1463-1470
[38.]
V.K. Kimiskidis, I. Sakellari, V. Tsimourtou, V. Kapina, S. Papagiannopoulos, D. Kazis, et al.
Autologous stem-cell transplantation in malignant multiple sclerosis: a case with a favourable longterm outcome.
Mult Scler, 14 (2008), pp. 278-283
[39.]
H.P. Hartung, O. Aktas, B. Kieseier, G. Comi.
Development of oral cladribine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
J Neurol, 257 (2010), pp. 163-170
[40.]
J.A. Cohen, F. Barkhof, G. Comi, H.P. Hartung, B.O. Khatri, X. Montalban, et al.
TRANSFORMS study group.
Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med, 362 (2010), pp. 402-415
[41.]
D.B. Clifford, A. DeLuca, D.M. Simpson, G. Arendt, G. Giovannoni, A. Nath.
Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases.
Lancet Neurol, 9 (2010), pp. 438-446
[42.]
A.P. Lysandropoulos.
Du Pasquier RA.
Demyelination as a complication of new immunomodulatory treatments. Curr Opin Neurol, 23 (2010), pp. 226-233
[43.]
A. Marzocchetti, T. Tompkins, D.B. Clifford, R.T. Gandhi, S. Kesari, J.R. Berger, et al.
Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Neurology, 73 (2009), pp. 1551-1558
[44.]
V.A. Lennon, D.M. Wingerchuk, T.J. Kryzer, S.J. Pittock, C.F. Lucchinetti, K. Fujihara, et al.
A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis.
Lancet, 364 (2004), pp. 2106-2112
[45.]
D.M. Wingerchuk.
Diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica.
Neurologist, 13 (2007), pp. 2-11
[46.]
L.A. Matthews, F. Baig, J. Palace, M.R. Turner.
The borderland of neuromyelitis optica.
Pract Neurol, 9 (2009), pp. 335-340
[47.]
A. Cox, A. Coles, N. Antoun, O. Malik, C. Lucchinetti, A. Compston.
Recurrent myelitis and optic neuritis in a 29-year-old woman.
Lancet Neurol, 4 (2005), pp. 510-516
[48.]
S. Ito, M. Mori, T. Makino, S. Hayakawa, S. Kuwabara.
“Cloud-like enhancement” is a magnetic resonance imaging abnormality specific to neuromyelitis optica.
Ann Neurol, 66 (2009), pp. 425-428
[49.]
T. Scott, S. Kassab, S. Pittock.
Neuromyelitis optica IgG status in acute partial transverse myelitis.
Arch Neurol, 63 (2006), pp. 1398-1400
[50.]
S.M. Magaña, S.J. Pittock, V.A. Lennon, M. Keegan, B.G. Weinshenker, C.F. Lucchinetti.
Neuromyelitis optica IgG serostatus in fulminant central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease.
Arch Neurol., 66 (2009), pp. 964-966
[51.]
I. Nozaki, T. Hamaguchi, K. Komai, M. Yamada.
Fulminant Devic disease successfully treated by lymphocytapheresis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry., 77 (2006), pp. 1094-1102
[52.]
J. Seze.
Sclérose en plaques: aspects cliniques, encephalomyelitis aiguës disséminées, neuromyélites optiques et variantes inflammatoires.
Rev Neurol (Paris), 163 (2007), pp. 647-650
[53.]
R.C. Dale, C. Sousa, W.K. Chong, T.C.S. Cox, B. Harding, B.G.R. Neville.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children.
Brain, 123 (2000), pp. 2407-2422
[54.]
S. Tenembaum, T. Chitnis, J. Ness, J.S. Hahn, International Pediatric MS study group.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Neurology, 68 (2007), pp. S23-S36
[55.]
H.P. Hartung, R.I. Grossman.
ADEM. Distinct disease or part of the MS spectrum?.
Neurology, 56 (2001), pp. 1257-1260
[56.]
O. Cohen, B. Steiner-Birmanns, I. Biran, O. Abramsky, S. Honigman, I. Steiner.
Recurrence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at the previously affected brain site.
Arch Neurol, 58 (2001), pp. 797-801
[57.]
C.M. Poser, V.V. Brinar.
Disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: two different diseases: a critical review.
Acta Neurol Scand, 116 (2007), pp. 201-206
[58.]
R.C. Dale.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 14 (2003), pp. 90-95
[59.]
W. Köhler.
Leukodystrophies with late disease onset: an update.
Curr Opin Neurol, 23 (2010), pp. 234-241
[60.]
O. Stüve, S. Nessler, H.P. Hartung, B. Hemmer, H. Wiendl, B.C. Keiseier.
Akute disseminierte enzephalomyelitis.
Nervenarzt, 76 (2005), pp. 701-707
[61.]
T. Menge, B. Hemmer, S. Nessler, H. Wiendl, O. Neuhaus, H.P. Hartung, et al.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
An update. Arch Neurol, 62 (2005), pp. 1673-1680
[62.]
D. Wingerchuk.
The clinical course of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Neurol Res, 28 (2006), pp. 341-347
[63.]
H.M. Martins, A.L. Teixeira, M.A. Lana-Peixoto.
Acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 62 (2004), pp. 139-143
[64.]
C.J. Klein, E.F. Wijdicks, F. Earnest.
Full recovery after acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst's disease).
J Neurol, 247 (2000), pp. 977-979
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
