metricas
covid
Buscar en
Neurología
Toda la web
Inicio Neurología Ictus cardioembólico: epidemiología
Journal Information
Vol. 27. Issue S1.
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Pages 4-9 (March 2012)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 27. Issue S1.
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Pages 4-9 (March 2012)
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Full text access
Ictus cardioembólico: epidemiología
Cardioembolic stroke: epidemiology
Visits
17865
J. Díaz Guzmán
Unidad de Ictus, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
This item has received
Article information
Resumen

Aproximadamente, 1 de cada 4 ictus isquémicos es de origen cardioembólico. La fibrilación auricular no valvular representa el 50% de estos casos, seguida del infarto de miocardio, los trombos intraventriculares, las valvulopatías y una miscelánea de cardiopatías. La incidencia de cardiopatía embólica en la población podría estar en torno a 30 casos por 100.000 habitantes-año, y su prevalencia entre 5–10 casos por 1.000 personas de 65 o más años de edad. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria es elevada, y a los 5 años tan sólo 1 de cada 5 pacientes ha sobrevivido. La tasa de recurrencia de este tipo de ictus es aproximadamente del 12% a los 3 meses, más elevada que la de los ictus no cardioembólicos. La gravedad y discapacidad resultantes del ictus cardioembólico son importantes, mayores que las del no cardioembólico. La edad, los antecedentes de ictus o ataque isquémico transitorio previo, la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes y la insuficiencia cardíaca actúan en los ictus con fibrilación auricular como factores de riesgo añadido para futuras embolias, pudiendo alcanzar tasas de embolia de hasta más del 20% al año, por lo que su prevención y tratamiento son de suma importancia.

Palabras clave:
Ictus isquémico
Epidemiología
Fibrilación auricular
Cerebrovascular
Cardioembólico
Revisión
Abstract

Approximately one in four ischemic strokes is of cardioembolic origin. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation accounts for 50% of these cases, followed by myocardial infarction, intraventricular thrombus, valvular heart disease and a miscellany of causes. The incidence of embolic heart disease in the population could be about 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, and its prevalence between 5 and 10 cases per 1,000 persons aged 65 years or older. Hospital mortality is high, and 5-year survival is only one out of every five patients. The recurrence rate of this type of stroke is about 12% at 3 months, higher than that of non-cardioembolic stroke. The severity of cardioembolic strokes and the resulting disability are greater than with non-cardioembolic stroke. Age, a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure play a role in stroke with atrial fibrillation as additional risk factors for future embolisms. Stroke rates can reach over 20% per year and therefore the prevention and treatment of these events are of paramount importance.

Keywords:
Ischemic-stroke
Epidemiology
Atrial fibrillation
Cerebrovascular
Cardioembolic
Review
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
A.D. López, C.D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D.T. Jamison, C.J. Murray.
Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data.
Lancet, 367 (2006), pp. 1747-1757
[2.]
INE. España en cifras, 2008 [consultado 11–2010]. Disponible en: http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/espcif/salu10.pdf
[3.]
C.E. Wells.
Premonitory symptoms of cerebral embolism.
Arch Neurol, 5 (1961), pp. 490-496
[4.]
W. Blackwood, J.F. Hallpike, R.S. Kocen, W.G. Mair.
Atheromatous disease of the carotid arterial system and embolism from the heart in cerebral infarction: a morbid anatomical study.
Brain, 92 (1969), pp. 897-910
[5.]
J.F. Kurtzke.
Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease.
Cerebrovascular Survey Report, pp. 1-34
[6.]
W.B. Kannel, T.R. Dawber, M.E. Cohen, P.M. Mcnamara.
Vascular disease of the brain—epidemiologic aspects: The Framingham study.
Amer J Public Health, 55 (1965), pp. 1355-1366
[7.]
S.J. Kittner, C.M. Sharkness, M.A. Sloan, T.R. Price, J.M. Dambrosia, S. Tuhrim, et al.
Infarcts with a cardiac source of embolism in the NINDS Stroke Data Bank: neurologic examination.
Neurology, 42 (1992), pp. 299-302
[8.]
A.J. Grau, C. Weimar, F. Buggle, A. Heinrich, M. Goertler, S. Neumaier, et al.
Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank.
Stroke, 32 (2001), pp. 2559-2566
[9.]
J.M. Ferro.
Brain embolism—answers to practical questions.
J Neurol., 250 (2003), pp. 139-147
[10.]
Cerebral Embolism Task Force.
Cardiogenic Brain Embolism.
Arch Neurol, 43 (1986), pp. 71-84
[11.]
L. Cea-Calvo, J. Redón, J.V. Lozano, C. Fernández-Pérez, J.C. Martí- Canales, J.L. Llisterri, en representación de los investigadores del estudio PREV-ICTUS, et al.
Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular en la población española de 60 o más años de edad. Estudio PREV-ICTUS.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 60 (2007), pp. 616-624
[12.]
J.M. MacKenzie.
Are all cardio-embolic strokes embolic? An autopsy study of 100 consecutive acute ischaemic strokes.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 10 (2000), pp. 289-292
[13.]
L.R. Caplan, D.B. Hier, I. D’Cruz.
Cerebral Embolism in the Michael Reese Stroke Registry.
Stroke, 14 (1983), pp. 530-536
[14.]
J. Bogousslavsky, G. Van Melle, F. Regli.
The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke.
Stroke, 19 (1988), pp. 1083-1092
[15.]
M.A. Foulkes, P.A. Wolf, T.R. Price, J.P. Mohr, D.B. Hier.
The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics.
Stroke, 19 (1988), pp. 547-554
[16.]
A. Arboix, J. Massons, M. Oliveres, L. García, F. Titus.
Análisis de 1.000 pacientes consecutivos con enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda. Registro de patología cerebrovascular de La Alianza- Hospital Central de Barcelona.
Med Clin (Barc), 101 (1993), pp. 281-285
[17.]
K.N. Vemmos, C.E. Takis, K. Georgilis, N.A. Zakopoulos, J.P. Lekakis, C.M. Papamichael, et al.
The Athens Stroke Registry: results of a five-year hospital-based study.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 10 (2000), pp. 133-141
[18.]
B.I. Lee, H.S. Nam, J.H. Heo, D.I. Kim, and the Yonsei Stroke Team.
Yonsei Stroke Registry. Analysis of 1,000 patients with acute cerebral infarctions.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 12 (2001), pp. 145-151
[19.]
G. De Jong, L. Van Raak, F. Kessels, J. Lodder.
Stroke subtype and mortality: a follow-up study in 998 patients with a first cerebral infarct.
J Clin Epidemiol, 56 (2003), pp. 262-268
[20.]
M. Paciaroni, G. Silvestrelli, V. Caso, F. Corea, M. Venti, P. Milia, et al.
Neurovascular territory involved in different etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke in the Perugia Stroke Registry.
Eur J Neurol, 10 (2003), pp. 361-365
[21.]
M.T. Alzamora, M. Sorribes, A. Heras, N. Vila, M. Vicheto, R. Forés, for the ISISCOG Study Group, et al.
Ischemic stroke incidence in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (ISISCOG). Spain. A community-based study.
BMC Neurology, 8 (2008), pp. 5
[22.]
T.C. Turin, Y. Kita, N. Rumana, Y. Nakamura, N. Takashima, M. Ichikawa, et al.
Ischemic stroke subtypes in a Japanese population. Takashima Stroke Registry, 1988–2004.
Stroke, 41 (2010), pp. 1871-1876
[23.]
H.P. Adams, H. Birgitte, B.H. Bendixen, L.J. Kappelle, J. Biller, B.B. Love, and the TOAST Investigators, et al.
Classification of Subtype of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Definitions for Use in a Multicenter Clinical Trial.
Stroke, 24 (1993), pp. 35-41
[24.]
P. Amarenco, J. Bogousslavsky, L.R. Caplan, G.A. Donnan, M.G. Hennerici.
New approach to stroke subtyping: the A-S-C-O (phenotypic) classification of stroke.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 27 (2009), pp. 502-508
[25.]
H. Ay, T. Benner, E.M. Arsava, K.L. Furie, A.B. Singhal, M.B. Jensen, et al.
A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischaemic stroke: the Causative Classification of Stroke System.
Stroke, 38 (2007), pp. 2979-2984
[26.]
M. Marnane, C.A. Duggan, O.C. Sheehan, A. Merwick, N. Hannon, D. Curtin, et al.
Stroke subtype classification to mechanismspecific and undetermined categories by TOAST, A-S-C-O, and causative classification systemdirect comparison in the North Dublin Population Stroke Study.
Stroke, 41 (2010), pp. 1579-1586
[27.]
G.W. Petty, R.D. Brown Jr., J.P. Whisnant, J.D. Sicks, M. Michael O’Fallon, et al.
Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of incidence and risk factors.
Stroke, 30 (1999), pp. 2513-2516
[28.]
P.L. Kolominsky-Rabas, M. Weber, O. Gefeller, B. Neundoerfer, P.U. Heuschmann.
Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study.
Stroke, 32 (2001), pp. 2735-2740
[29.]
J. Díaz Guzmán, J.A. Egido-Herrero, R. Gabriel-Sánchez, G. Barberá, B. Fuentes, C. Fernández-Pérez, et al.
Incidencia del ictus en España. Bases metodológicas del estudio Iberictus.
Rev Neurol, 47 (2008), pp. 617-623
[30.]
J. Díaz-Guzmán, F. Bermejo-Pareja, J. Benito-León, S. Vega, R. Gabriel, M.J. Medrano, Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) Study Group.
Prevalence of stroke and transient ischemic attack in three elderly populations of Central Spain.
Neuroepidemiol, 30 (2008), pp. 247-253
[31.]
J. Díaz Guzmán.
Epidemiología de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares en los ancianos.
Tesis Doctoral. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, (1998),
[32.]
G.W. Petty, R.D. Brown Jr., J.P. Whisnant, J.D. Sicks, W.M. O’Fallon, D.O. Wiebers.
Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence.
Stroke, 31 (2000), pp. 1062-1068
[33.]
G.W. Petty, B.K. Khanderia, J.P. Whisnant, J.D. Sicks.
Outcomes among valvular heart disease patients experiencing ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in Olmsted County, Minnesota.
Mayo Clin Proc, 80 (2005), pp. 1001-1008
[34.]
A. Arboix, L. García-Eroles, J. Massons, M. Oliveres.
Predictive clinical factors of in-hospital mortality in 231 consecutive patients with cardioembolic cerebral infarction.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 8 (1998), pp. 8-13
[35.]
J.K. Lovett, A.J. Coull, P.M. Rothwell.
Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies.
Neurology, 62 (2004), pp. 569-573
[36.]
A. Arboix, L. García-Eroles, M. Oliveres, J.B. Massonsa, C. Targa.
Clinical predictors of early embolic recurrence in presumed cardioembolic stroke.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 8 (1998), pp. 345-353
[37.]
Y. Winter, C. Wolfram, M. Schaeg, J.-P. Reese, W.H. Oertel, R. Dodel, et al.
Evaluation of costs and outcome in cardioembolic stroke or TIA.
J Neurol, 256 (2009), pp. 954-963
[38.]
Y. Yoneda, T. Uehara, H. Yamasaki, Y. Kita, M. Tabuchi, E. Mori.
Hospital- based study of the care and cost of acute ischemic stroke in Japan.
[39.]
U.G.R. Schulz, P.M. Rothwell.
Differences in vascular risk factors between etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke importance of population-based studies.
[40.]
Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group.
Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.
[41.]
V. Fuster, L.E. Rydén, D.S. Cannom, H.J. Crijns, A.B. Curtis, K.A. Ellenbogen, et al.
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.
Circulation, 114 (2006), pp. e257-e354
[42.]
O.M. Ruiz, E. Romo, D. Mesa, M. Delgado, M. Anguita, G.A. López, et al.
Predicción de eventos embólicos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular: evaluación del score CHADS2 en una población mediterránea.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 61 (2008), pp. 29-35
Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Española de Neurología
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos