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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 470-477 (January 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 470-477 (January 2010)
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Etiology and risk factors for a first episode of cerebral isquemia in young adults
Etiología y factores de riesgo para un primer episodio de isquemia cerebral en adultos jóvenes
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B. Tarazonaa,
Corresponding author
belimed22@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, W. Ramosb, J. Arcea, J. Yarinsuecab,c, S. Moralesd, G. Roncerosb,c, C. Galarzab,c, J. Pérezb,c
a Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
b Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
c Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
d Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Clínica Santa Mónica, Lima, Peru
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Abstract
Introduction

To determinate the etiology and risk factors for a first episode of cerebral ischemia in young adults at three hospitals of Lima and Callao-Peru.

Methods

Multicentric study carried out at three national hospitals in Lima. The sample included 30 patients with a first episode of stroke and 60 controls matched by age and sex 2:1 with the patients. Serum biochemistry studies, EKGs and echocardiograms were done. Etiologies were classified based on the classification of Baltimore-Washington Cooperative Young Stroke Study.

Results

The most frequent etiologies were cardiac embolism and atherosclerotic valvular heart disease, which were 30% of the cases (9 patients) each one. Hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.014), valvular heart disease (p=0.001) and hormonal contraception/replacement therapy (p=0.002) were independent risk factors for a first episode of cerebral ischemia in peruvian young adults. Motor deficiency was the most frequent presentation (50.0%). Intracraneal hypertension and urinary tract infection were the most frequent complications during acute ischemia and mortality was raised up to 10%.

Conclusions

The hypertriglyceridemia, valvular heart disease and the use of oral contraceptives are independent risk factors for a first episode of ischemia in young adults from three hospitals of Lima and Callao. The most frequent etiologies were cardiac embolism and atheroesclerotic valvular heart disease.

Keywords:
Cerebral isquemia
Young adults
Risk factors
Peru
Resumen
Introducción

Determinar la etiología y factores de riesgo para un primer episodio de isquemia cerebral en adultos jóvenes de tres hospitales de Lima y Callao-Perú.

Métodos

Estudio de casos y controles, multicéntrico realizado en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión y Hospital EsSalud Alberto Sabogal Sologuren. La muestra estuvo constituida por 30 pacientes con un primer episodio de enfermedad cerebrovascular y 60 controles pareados por edad y sexo 2:1 con los pacientes. A todos se les realizó estudios de bioquímica sérica y evaluación cardiovascular (electrocardiograma y ecocardiografía). Las etiologías fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a la clasificación de Baltimore-Washington Cooperative Young Stroke Study.

Resultados

Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron el cardioembolismo y la vasculopatía aterosclerótica con un 30% de casos (9 pacientes) cada uno. Los factores de riesgo independientes para un primer episodio de isquemia cerebral fueron la hipertrigliceridemia (p=0,014), la enfermedad valvular cardiaca (p=0,001) y la anticoncepción/reemplazo hormonal (p=0,002). El déficit motor fue la forma de presentación más frecuente (50,0%); la hipertensión endocraneana y la infección del tracto urinario fueron las principales complicaciones durante el episodio agudo y la mortalidad fue del 10%.

Conclusiones

La hipertrigliceridemia, enfermedad valvular cardiaca y el uso de anticonceptivos/reemplazo hormonal constituyen factores de riesgo independientes para un primer episodio de isquemia en adultos jóvenes de tres hospitales de Lima y Callao, siendo las etiologías más frecuentes el cardioembolismo y la vasculopatía aterosclerótica.

Palabras clave:
Isquemia cerebral
Adultos jóvenes
Factores de riesgo
Perú
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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