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Inicio Psiquiatría Biológica Catatonia induced by abrupt discontinuation of clozapine—case report
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Vol. 31. Issue 3.
(July - September 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 3.
(July - September 2024)
Case report
Catatonia induced by abrupt discontinuation of clozapine—case report
Catatonia inducida por la discontinuación brusca de Clozapina – Informe de caso
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Catarina M. Oliveira
Corresponding author
, Liliana Gomes, Paulo S. Martins, Catarina Portela, Filipa Caldas, Marta Gonçalves
Hospital Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract

Catatonia is characterized by a severe psychomotor change that, according to DSM-5, requires 3 or more of the following symptoms that is necessary to affirm its diagnosis: stupor, catalepsy, brain flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms, stereotypes, agitation not influenced by external stimuli, grimaces, echolalia, or echopraxia. Clozapine is one of the second-generation antipsychotics that is recognized for its effectiveness in treating catatonia, rather than inducing it. However, its abrupt discontinuation can induce rapid clinical deterioration with multiple presentations including, psychoses or cholinergic rebound states, serotonergic syndromes, and catatonia.

Based on a clinical case, the authors intend to review the literature on catatonia associated with abrupt interruption of clozapine.

In this article, we present a case of a 34-year-old man, with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, admitted to the psychiatric ward due to a psychotic decompensation, who developed a state of agitated catatonia secondary to the abrupt discontinuation of clozapine.

It is well established that the abrupt discontinuation of clozapine can trigger catatonia. This clinical case and literature review serves to emphasize the importance of educating psychiatrists on the adverse effects of psychiatric drugs and, in this case, the gradual and cautious discontinuation of clozapine in order to avoid its rebound effects.

Keywords:
Catatonia
Clozapine
Antipsychotics
Discontinuation
Electroconvulsive therapy
Resumen

La catatonia se caracteriza por un cambio psicomotor grave que, de acuerdo con DSM-5, requiere de tres o más de los síntomas siguientes para afirmar su diagnóstico: estupor, catalepsia, flexibilidad cerebral, mutismo, negativismo, pose, manierismos, estereotipos, agitación no influida por estímulos externos, muecas, ecolalia o ecopraxia. Clozapina es uno de los antipsicóticos de segunda generación que es reconocido por su efectividad para tratar la catatonia, en lugar de inducirla. Sin embargo, su discontinuación brusca puede inducir un deterioro clínico rápido con múltiples presentaciones que incluyen psicosis o estados de rebote colinérgico, síndromes serotonérgicos y catatonia.

Basándose en un caso clínico, la intención de los autores es revisar la literatura sobre la catatonia asociada a la interrupción brusca de clozapina.

En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un varón de 34 años, con diagnóstico de trastorno esquizoafectivo, ingresado en la planta de psiquiatría debido a descompensación psicótica, quien desarrolló un estado de catatonia agitada, secundaria a la discontinuación brusca de clozapina.

Está bien establecido que la discontinuación brusca de clozapina puede desencadenar catatonia. Este caso clínico y revisión de la literatura sirve para destacar la importancia de educar a los psiquiatras sobre los efectos adversos de los fármacos psiquiátricos y, en este caso, la discontinuación gradual y cautelosa de clozapina a fin de evitar sus efectos de rebote.

Palabras clave:
Catatonia
Clozapina
Antipsicóticos
Discontinuación
Terapia electroconvulsiva

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