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Available online 15 March 2023
Eficacia y seguridad de la embolización de arterias uterinas en el manejo de la hemorragia posparto
Efficacy and safety of uterine artery embolization in the management of postpartum hemorrhage
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112
R.A. Amat Péreza,
Corresponding author
rosana.amat@gmail.com

Autora para correspondencia.
, J. Gómez Valdésa, E. Lonjedo Vicenta, M. Sarrió Llavatab, J.V. Quirante Cascalesa, A. Ruiz Guantera
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital Arnau Vilanova, Valencia, España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Demostrar la seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento endovascular de la hemorragia posparto.

Material y métodos

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo observacional con una muestra procedente de nuestra unidad de Radiología Vascular Intervencionista, recogida desde los años 2004 a 2020. Se seleccionaron todas aquellas pacientes que desarrollaron hemorragia posparto tratadas mediante embolización arterial. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión para homogeneizar el grupo de estudio y se definieron las variables de eficacia y seguridad de la técnica.

Resultados

La muestra final del estudio se compuso de 56 pacientes. El éxito técnico fue del 100% y el éxito clínico tras el tratamiento endovascular del 92,85%, con una tasa de histerectomía por fracaso de la embolización arterial del 7,14%, donde en 3 casos se objetivó rotura uterina como causa de la hemorragia posparto. No se registró mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento. La tasa de complicaciones periprocedimiento y de complicaciones tardías fue del 3,56%. No se registraron complicaciones mayores ni infecciosas. La tasa de embarazos posteriores a la embolización fue del 23,52%.

Conclusiones

La embolización arterial selectiva de la arteria uterina en la hemorragia posparto es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz, demostrando ser una alternativa terapéutica útil tras el fracaso del manejo farmacológico y obstétrico.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia posparto
Embolización
Procedimiento endovascular
Arteria uterina
Embarazo
Abstract
Objective

To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment in postpartum hemorrhage.

Material and methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study with a sample from our Interventional Vascular Radiology unit, from 2004 to 2020. Patients who developed postpartum hemorrhage treated by arterial embolization were selected. Inclusion criteria were established to standardize the study group. Variables for the study of the efficacy and safety of the technique are defined.

Results

The final sample of the study was 56 patients. Technical success turned was 100%, while clinical success after endovascular treatment was 92.85%, with a hysterectomy rate due to failed arterial embolization of 7.14%, with uterine rupture observed in 3 cases as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage. No technique-related mortality was recorded. The rate of periprocedural complications was 3.56%, the same as that of late complications. No major or infectious complications were recorded. The pregnancy rate after embolization was 23.52%.

Conclusions

Selective arterial embolization of the uterine artery in postpartum hemorrhage is a safe and effective procedure, being a therapeutic alternative in the face of failure of pharmacological and obstetric management, with preservation of fertility.

Keywords:
Postpartum hemorrhage
Arterial embolization
Endovascular procedure
Uterine artery
Pregnancy

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