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Inicio Radiología Obstrucción intestinal: signos de indicación quirúrgica urgente
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Vol. 65. Issue S1.
Suplemento “Radiología de Urgencias”
Pages S92-S98 (March 2023)
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Vol. 65. Issue S1.
Suplemento “Radiología de Urgencias”
Pages S92-S98 (March 2023)
Obstrucción intestinal: signos de indicación quirúrgica urgente
Bowel obstruction: signs indicating the need for urgent surgery
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2151
J. Gómez Corral
Corresponding author
jesusgcorral@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, C. Niño Rojo, R. de la Fuente Olmos
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, España
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Vol. 65. Issue S1

Suplemento “Radiología de Urgencias”

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Resumen

La obstrucción intestinal es un proceso frecuente en los servicios de Urgencias de nuestros hospitales, siendo la de intestino delgado más frecuente que la de colon y las bridas posquirúrgicas su causa más habitual.

Actualmente el diagnóstico se realiza mediante tomografía computarizada multidetector, debiendo valorar 4 cuestiones en nuestro informe: confirmar la obstrucción intestinal, determinar si hay un único punto de transición o es una obstrucción en asa cerrada, establecer la causa de la obstrucción y buscar signos de complicación.

La identificación de los signos de isquemia es importante en el manejo del paciente ya que permite identificar precozmente aquellos pacientes que no van a evolucionar de forma favorable con el tratamiento conservador y en los que se debe realizar un tratamiento quirúrgico precoz para evitar la mayor morbimortalidad asociada a la estrangulación y la isquemia del asa obstruida.

Palabras clave:
Obstrucción intestinal
Complicaciones tomografía computarizada multidetector
Isquemia intestinal
Diagnóstico por imagen
Abstract

Bowel obstruction is common in emergency departments. Obstruction is more common in the small bowel than in the large bowel. The most common cause is postsurgical adhesions.

Nowadays, bowel obstruction is diagnosed with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MDCT studies for suspected bowel obstruction should focus on four points that need to be mentioned in the report: confirming the obstruction, determining whether there is a single transition point or whether the obstruction is found in a closed loop, establishing the cause of the obstruction, and seeking signs of complications.

Identifying signs of ischemia is important in the management of the patient because it enables patients at higher risk of poor outcomes after conservation treatment who could benefit from early surgical intervention to avoid greater morbidity and mortality associated with strangulation and ischemia of the obstructed bowel loop.

Keywords:
Intestinal obstruction
complications
computed tomography
multidetector
intestinal ischemia
diagnostic imaging

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