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Inicio Radiología Patrones básicos en la TCAR de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa
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Vol. 64. Issue S3.
Suplemento “Patología Intersticial Pulmonar”
Pages 215-226 (December 2022)
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Vol. 64. Issue S3.
Suplemento “Patología Intersticial Pulmonar”
Pages 215-226 (December 2022)
Patrones básicos en la TCAR de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa
Basic hrct patterns in diffuse interstitial lung disease
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4143
A. Giménez-Palleiro
Corresponding author
AGimenez@santpau.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
, S.P. Mazzini, T. Franquet
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Vol. 64. Issue S3

Suplemento “Patología Intersticial Pulmonar”

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Resumen

Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales (EPI) o EPI difusas (EPID) engloban un grupo heterogéneo de procesos caracterizados por la aparición de una reacción inflamatoria en la pared alveolar, desencadenada por diferentes antígenos.

Este grupo de enfermedades representa un espectro de procesos de etiología diversa y, en ocasiones, nomenclatura confusa.

La tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TCAR) es el método de imagen de elección en la evaluación y el diagnóstico de las EPID, ya que confirma la presencia de enfermedad pulmonar y establece el correcto diagnóstico de las complicaciones asociadas. No obstante, el diagnóstico definitivo de estas enfermedades requiere la concordancia con las manifestaciones clínicas y la comprobación anatomopatológica. Las imágenes radiológicas obtenidas por la TCAR en este grupo de enfermedades tienen un papel fundamental, de especial importancia para evitar la realización de biopsias innecesarias. Por estas razones, el médico clínico debe familiarizarse con los patrones radiológicos básicos asociados a este grupo de enfermedades pulmonares: septal, reticular, nodular, en «vidrio deslustrado», quístico y de condensación. En este capítulo se describen las características y la forma de presentación de estos patrones, y se revisan algunas de las EPID más frecuentes, haciendo hincapié en los patrones radiológicos predominantes en ellas.

Palabras clave:
Lung, Interstitial lung disease
High-resolution computed tomography
Lung fibrosis
Abstract

The term interstitial lung disease (also called diffuse infiltrative lung disease) encompasses a heterogeneous group of processes characterized by the appearance of an inflammatory reaction in the alveolar wall that can be triggered by different antigens. This group of diseases represents a wide spectrum of processes of diverse etiologies, and sometimes the nomenclature can be confusing.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation and diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases because it confirms the presence of lung disease and establishes the correct diagnosis for associated complications. Nevertheless, the definitive diagnosis of these entities requires the imaging findings to be interpreted together with their clinical manifestations and histological confirmation. In this group of diseases, HRCT findings play a fundamental role, being especially important for avoiding unnecessary biopsies. For these reasons, clinicians need to be familiar with the basic radiologic patterns associated with this group of lung diseases: septal, reticular, nodular, ground-glass, cystic, and consolidations. This chapter describes the features of these patterns and ways that they can present, and it reviews some of the most common interstitial lung diseases, emphasizing the predominant radiologic patterns in each of them.

Keywords:
Lung
Interstitial lung disease
High-resolution computed tomography
Lung fibrosis

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