Describir las características por TC de los aneurismas micóticos (AM).
Material y métodosHemos revisado retrospectivamente diez pa-cientes diagnosticados de AM. Tres presentaban un aneurisma arterios-clerótico tratado previamente, uno era diabético y se había sometido a un trasplante renopancreático y otro era VIH+ en fase avanzada. Todos presentaban síndrome febril y ocho leucocitosis. El diagnóstico de AM se estableció mediante los hallazgos por TC, la clínica y el hemoculti-vo positivo en todos ellos. Disponemos de comprobación anatomopa-tológica en los cuatro pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente. El estudio de TC se realizó con adquisición helicoidal, sin contraste y con contraste endovenoso, en fase arterial.
ResultadosSe observaron aneurismas saculares en siete pacientes (en dos de ellos dobles), siendo siete de estos aneurismas abdominales (aorta retrocrural uno, aorta infrarrenal tres, e ilíacos tres) y dos toráci-cos (cayado aórtico). En los tres pacientes restantes, existía un aneuris-ma arteriosclerótico preexistente (de morfología fusiforme) y se observó únicamente cambios incipientes en la grasa adyacente. Se constató masa de partes blandas perianeurismática en ocho casos. Sólo dos pa-cientes presentaron signos de rotura (extravasación de contraste y/o hematoma perianeurismático). En tres casos había disrupción del ani-llo cálcico. En dos pacientes se observaron abscesos en otras localiza-ciones. En ningún caso se evidenció gas en la pared aneurismática.
ConclusiónEl AM es una entidad infrecuente pero a considerar en la evaluación de pacientes sépticos, ya que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces. En estos pacientes, el hallazgo mediante TC de un aneurisma sacular con masa de partes blandas adyacente asociado a un hemocultivo positivo, es altamente sugestivo de esta patología.
To describe CT features of mycotic aneurysms.
Materials and methodsWe have retrospectively checked 10 patients diagnosed with mycotic aneurysm. Three revealed previously treated arteriosclerotic aneurisms, one was diabetic and had undergone a renopancreatic transplant, and another presented advanced HIV infection. They all presented fever syndrome and eight exhibited leu-cocytosis. Mycotic aneurysm diagnosis was made by means of CT findings, clinical examination and positive hemoculture in all cases. Ana-tomopathological findings were available as confirmation for all four surgically treated patients. The CT scan was performed during arterial phase with spiral acquisition, without contrast and with endovenous administration of a contrast medium.
ResultsSaccular aneurysms were found in seven patients (double aneurysms in the case of two), with seven of these being abdominal aneurysms (one retrocrural aortic, three infrarenal aortic, and three iliac arteries) and two thoracic (aortic arch). In all three remaining patients, there was a pre-existing arteriosclerotic aneurysm (fusiform) and only incipient changes were observed in the adjacent fat. Peria-neurysmatic soft-tissue mass was noted in eight cases. Only two patients presented signs of tear (perianeurysm hematoma and/or with contrast extravasation). In three cases, the calcium ring was disrupted. In two patients, abscesses were observed in other locations. In none of the cases was there gas in the aneurysm wall.
ConclusionMycotic aneurysm is a rare entity, but must be considered in the evaluation of septic patients since it demands early diagnosis and treatment. In such patients, a CT finding of saccular aneurysm with adjacent soft-tissue mass, and associated with a positive hemoculture, is highly suggestive of this pathology.