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Journal Information
Vol. 43. Issue 4.
Pages 175-186 (January 2001)
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Vol. 43. Issue 4.
Pages 175-186 (January 2001)
Comparación de la ecografía y la tomografía computarizada en el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda*
Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
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José Luis del Cura, Laura Oleaga, Domingo Grande, María Asunción Fariña, María Isusi
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital de Basurto. Bilbao.
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Resumen
Objetivos

Comparar la eficacia de la ecografía y la tomografía computarizada (TC) ante una sospecha de apendicitis. Estudiar en qué medida la edad, el sexo y el hábito del paciente, así como el contexto clínico influyen en el rendimiento diagnóstico de ambas.

Material y métodos

Durante un año, se estudiaron mediante eco-grafía y TC 152 pacientes con sospecha clínica de apendicitis. Las ex-ploraciones fueron realizadas independientemente, sin conocimiento del resultado de la otra, emitiéndose en cada caso un diagnóstico posi-tivo o negativo para apendicitis. Los diagnósticos finales se establecie-ron por cirugía o seguimiento clínico.

Resultados

La TC obtuvo para el diagnóstico de apendicitis una sensibilidad del 82%, especificidad del 95%, valor predictivo positivo del 93%, valor predictivo negativo del 87% y fiabilidad del 90%, mien-tras que la ecografía, una sensibilidad del 83%, especificidad del 97%, valor predictivo positivo del 95%, valor predictivo negativo del 88% y fiabilidad del 91%. La ecografía obtuvo mejores resultados en pacien-tes con alta sospecha clínica y en niños, y la TC en pacientes con clíni-ca dudosa. Con la ecografía se emitieron más diagnósticos alternativos, mientras que la TC fue capaz de visualizar un apéndice normal con más frecuencia. Sexo y hábito corporal no influyeron en las respectivas eficacias, aunque la ecografía se vio facilitada en pacientes delgados y la TC en obesos.

Conclusiones

Ecografía y TC son altamente fiables en la apendici-tis, especialmente cuando la confirman. La ecografía debe ser la técni-ca de elección en niños y en pacientes con clínica clara. En pacientes con cuadros dudosos, el rendimiento de la TC es algo superior. Sin embargo, la eficacia de ambas técnicas dependerá en última instancia de la preparación del especialista que las interpreta.

Palabras Clave:
Apéndice
Apendicitis
Ecografía
Tomografía computarizada
Abstract
Objectives

To compare the efficacy of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) in cases of suspected appendicitis. To study to what extent age, sex and habits of the patient, as well as the clinical context, influence the diagnostic yield of these two techniques.

Material and methods

Over a one-year period, 152 patients underwent ultrasonography and CT because of the clinical suspicion of appendicitis. The studies were carried out independently, and the results of each in terms of the presence or absence of appendicitis were unknown to the specialists performing the other. The final diagnoses were established by surgical treatment or clinical follow-up.

Results

The sensitivity of CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis was 82%, the specificity was 95%, the positive predictive value was 93%, the negative predictive value was 87% and the reliability was 90%. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 88% and a reliability of 91%. Ultrasound was more efficient in patients in which there was a high clinical suspicion and in children, while the results with CT were better in patients in which the clinical diagnosis was less clear. The incidence of false negatives and positives was higher with ultrasound, while CT was more frequently able to identify a normal appendix. Sex and habits had no influence on the respective efficacies, although the performance of ultrasound was simplified in thin patients and that of CT in obese individuals.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography and CT are highly reliable in cases of suspected appendicitis, especially when this diagnosis is conformed. Ultrasound is recommended as the technique of choice in children and in patients in which the clinical suspicion is strong. The yield of CT is somewhat greater when the clinical signs and symptoms are less clear. However, the efficacy of both techniques ultimately depends on the expertise of the specialist who interprets them.

Key words:
Appendix
Appendicitis
Ultrasonography
Computed tomography

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