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Journal Information
Vol. 44. Issue 7.
Pages 295-300 (January 2002)
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Vol. 44. Issue 7.
Pages 295-300 (January 2002)
Ecografía Doppler en la gestación normal: circulación umbilical*
Doppler ultrasound scan during normal gestation: umbilical circulation
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Teresa Ruiz,a, Juan Sabatéa, Mercedes Martínez-Benavides*, Jesús Sánchez-Ramosa
* Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Virgen Macarena. Sevilla.
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico
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Resumen
Objetivos

Determinar mediante ecografía Doppler los patrones de normalidad en la circulación umbilical en una población gestante sana, sin factores de riesgo y con resultado perinatal normal y valorar las modificaciones que se producen en función de la edad gestacional ob-teniendo registros en diferentes semanas del embarazo.

Material y métodos

Se han estudiado 116 gestantes con feto úni-co, sin factores de riesgo conocidos y con controles clínicos, analíticos y ecográficos normales. Se realizaron un total de 193 ecografías Doppler, entre la 15-41 semanas de gestación, con análisis del flujo en las arterias y vena del cordón umbilical. Los datos obtenidos se corre-lacionaron con los parámetros que evalúan el bienestar fetal (monitori-zación fetal y/o prueba de oxitocina) y el resultado perinatal (tipo de parto, peso al nacimiento, puntuación Apgar). El análisis estadístico se realizó con los programas SPSS 6.0.1. para Windows y EPIINFO 6.0.4.

Resultados

Mediante Doppler pulsado, la arteria umbilical presen-tó en todos los casos morfología bifásica, con componente sistólico y diastólico, sin flujo invertido. Al aumentar las semanas de gestación, se observó un descenso progresivo de la resistencia con aumento de la velocidad diastólica.

Conclusiones

La ecografía Doppler es un método no invasivo que permite el estudio hemodinámico de la circulación umbilical. El cono-cimiento de la morfología normal de las ondas de flujo y de los valores normales de los índices Doppler relacionados con la edad gestacional nos permitirá la aplicación del método en embarazos de alto riesgo.

Palabra clave::
Ultrasonidos
Gestación
Circulación fetal
Doppler
Arteria umbilical
Abstract
Aims

To determine normal umbilical circulation patterns by means of Doppler ultrasound scan in a healthy gestating population without risk factors and with normal perinatal results, and to evaluate any occuring modifications relative to gestational age by obtaining records kept during pregnancy.

Material and methods

One hundred and sixteen pregnant women carrying a single fetus have been studied. These women had no risk factors, with both clinical and analytical controls, as well as ultrasound scans, all being normal. There were performed a total of 193 Doppler ultrasound scans between weeks 15 and 41 of gestation, with blood-flow analysis in the arteries and vein of the umbilical cord. The obtained information was correlated with parameters that evaluate fetal well-being (fetal monitoring and/or oxitocin test) and perinatal result (delivery type, bithweight, Apgar score). Statistical analysis was performed with the programs SPSS 6.0.1. for Windows and EPIINFO 6.0.4.

Results

With pulsed Doppler, the umbilical artery in all cases demonstrated a biphasic morphology with systolic and dyastolic components and without retrograde blood flow. As the gestation period increased, there was observed a progressive decrease in resistance along with an increase in blood-flow velocity during the dyastolic phase.

Conclusions

The Doppler ultrasound scan is a non-invasive method that permits the hemodynamic study of umbilical blood circulation. A knowledge of normal blood-flow signal morphology, as well as of the normal values for Doppler indices in relation to gestational age would permit us to utilize this method in high-risk pregnancies.

Key words:
Ultrasounds
Gestation
Fetal Circulation
Doppler
Umbilical artery

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