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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) Bowel ultrasonography in acute abdomen: Beyond acute appendicitis
Journal Information
Vol. 63. Issue 2.
Pages 193-205 (March - April 2021)
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Vol. 63. Issue 2.
Pages 193-205 (March - April 2021)
Serie: Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract
Bowel ultrasonography in acute abdomen: Beyond acute appendicitis
Ecografía intestinal y abdomen agudo: más allá de la apendicitis aguda
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J. Vizuete del Ríoa, G. Martín Beníteza, T. Ripollés Gonzáleza, J.A. Merino Bonillab,
Corresponding author
jamerino@saludcastillayleon.es

Corresponding author.
, T. San-Miguelc
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitari Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Santiago Apóstol, Miranda de Ebro, Spain
c Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. World Society of Emergency Surgery Classification of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis.11
Table 2. Ultrasound signs of sigmoid stenosis caused by acute diverticulitis and adenocarcinoma.13
Table 3. Relationship between gastrointestinal anatomical structures and the peritoneum, which determines the location of the extraluminal gas in the event of perforation.
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Additional material (1)
Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract

Edited by: Dr. Tomás Ripollés González - Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitari Doctor Peset, València, España

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Abstract

Acute abdomen is a common reason for consultation in the emergency department. A broad spectrum of entities, including diverse diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, can cause acute abdomen. Although computed tomography is the technique most widely used to evaluate acute abdomen in the emergency department, abdominal ultrasound is often performed first and allows bowel disease to be suspected. This article describes the ultrasound features of diverse bowel diseases that can cause acute abdomen, such as acute diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation, bowel ischemia, intraabdominal fat necrosis, and miscellaneous processes such as endometriosis, foreign bodies, or vasculitis. Radiologists must be familiar with the different features of abnormal bowel that can be detected incidentally in patients without clinical suspicion of bowel disease. This article focuses on ultrasonographic signs of bowel disease; other articles in this series cover the ultrasonographic signs of acute appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious diseases.

Keywords:
Ultrasonography
Gastrointestinal tract
Diverticulitis
Foreign bodies
Mesenteric ischemia
Endometriosis
Gastrointestinal perforation
Intestinal obstruction
Hernia
Vasculitis
Resumen

El abdomen agudo es un motivo de consulta habitual en los servicios de urgencias. Sus causas son múltiples, y entre ellas se encuentran diversas enfermedades del tracto gastrointestinal. Si bien la tomografía computarizada es la técnica más aceptada, con frecuencia se lleva a cabo una ecografía abdominal inicialmente, mediante la cual es posible establecer la sospecha de patología intestinal. Este artículo describe las características ecográficas de diversos trastornos intestinales que cursan con abdomen agudo, como la diverticulitis aguda, la obstrucción intestinal, la perforación gastrointestinal, la isquemia intestinal, la necrosis aguda de la grasa intraabdominal y una miscelánea de procesos, como endometriosis, cuerpos extraños o vasculitis. Debemos conocer las diferentes apariencias ecográficas del intestino anormal, ya que pueden detectarse incidentalmente en pacientes en quienes no se sospecha clínicamente. La semiología ecográfica de la patología intestinal, así como la apendicitis aguda, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o las enfermedades infecciosas, se tratan en otros artículos de la serie.

Palabras clave:
Ecografía
Tracto gastrointestinal
Diverticulitis
Cuerpos extraños
Isquemia mesentérica
Endometriosis
Perforación gastrointestinal
Obstrucción intestinal
Hernia
Vasculitis

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