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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
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Vol. 64. Issue S1.
Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics
Pages 44-48 (March 2022)
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Vol. 64. Issue S1.
Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics
Pages 44-48 (March 2022)
Brief report
Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implantes mamarios
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161
S. Ozalla Samaniegoa,
Corresponding author
sozalla@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, G. Meijide Santosb, M. Soto Dopazoc, C. Baldó Sierraa
a Unidad de Mama, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
c Unidad de Mama, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
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Vol. 64. Issue S1

Breast radiology: New horizons in times of pandemics

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Abstract

Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon, recently recognized disease that seems to occur only in relation with implants with textured surfaces. Most cases present with late-onset peri-implant effusion or fluid collections that develop more than 12 months after insertion of the implant. The diagnosis is reached by cytological analysis of fluid samples obtained by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. These patients usually have a good prognosis after surgical removal of the implant. A small percentage of patients present with a nodule or mass adjacent to the implant that usually develops late. In these cases, the diagnosis is reached by the histological analysis of core-needle biopsy specimens. These patients have a worse prognosis and require a combination of surgery and systemic chemotherapy. The main immunophenotypic characteristics of this lymphoma are intense expression of CD30 and a lack of expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Here we present a case of BIA-ALCL in a patient with implants with a textured surface that presented with peri-implant effusion and incipient formation of a millimetric nodule and was treated with removal of the implant and bilateral capsulectomy. It is important to point out that the disease requires multidisciplinary management and that the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) should be notified when the diagnosis is confirmed.

Keywords:
Lymphoma
Anaplastic
Large cell
Seroma
Breast implants
Resumen

El linfoma anaplásico de célula grande asociado a implantes mamarios (LACG-AIM) es una patología poco frecuente, reconocida recientemente y relacionada sobre todo con los implantes de superficie texturizada. La mayoría de los casos se presentan con derrame/colección periprotésica de inicio tardío que se desarrolla más de un año después de la colocación del implante. El diagnóstico se realiza con punción-aspiración con aguja fina del líquido, bajo guía ecográfica, y análisis citológico. Estas pacientes suelen tener buen pronóstico con la retirada quirúrgica del implante. Un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes desarrolla tardíamente un nódulo/masa adyacente al implante. En estos casos, el diagnóstico se realiza con biopsia con aguja gruesa y análisis histológico. Estas pacientes tienen peor pronóstico, siendo necesaria la combinación de cirugía y quimioterapia sistémica. Las características inmunofenotípicas principales de este linfoma son la intensa expresión de CD30 y la ausencia de expresión de la proteína linfoma anaplásica kinasa (ALK). Se presenta un caso de LACG-AIM, subtipo derrame periprotésico con incipiente formación nodular milimétrica, que se trata con retirada de prótesis y capsulectomía bilateral en paciente portadora de implantes texturizados. Cabe destacar el manejo multidisciplinar de la enfermedad. Una vez obtenido el diagnóstico positivo confirmado por histopatología de LACG-AIM, los profesionales sanitarios deben notificar este incidente a la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS).

Palabras clave:
Linfoma
Anaplásico
Célula grande
Seroma
Implantes mamarios

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