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Vol. 65. Issue S1.
Pages S21-S31 (March 2023)
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Vol. 65. Issue S1.
Pages S21-S31 (March 2023)
Cervical spine trauma
Traumatismo de la columna vertebral cervical
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459
S. Ossaba Vélez
Corresponding author
silviaossaba@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, L. Sanz Canalejas, J. Martínez-Checa Guiote, A. Díez Tascón, M. Martí de Gracia
Sección de Radiología de Urgencias, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Cervical spine trauma encompasses a wide of injuries, ranging from stable, minor lesions to unstable, complex lesions that can lead to neurologic sequelae or vascular involvement.

The Canadian C-Spine Rule and the NEXUS criteria aim to identify individuals with a low risk of cervical spine trauma who can safely forgo imaging tests. In high-risk patients, an imaging test is indicated. In adult patients the imaging test of choice is multidetector computed tomography. Complementary imaging tests such as CT angiography of the supra-aortic vessels and/or magnetic resonance imaging are occasionally necessary.

It can be challenging for radiologists to diagnose and classify these lesions, because some of them can be subtle and difficult to detect. This paper aims to describe the most important imaging findings and the most widely used classification systems.

Keywords:
Spinal fractures
Spinal trauma
Vertebral trauma
Cervical spine
Resumen

Las consecuencias de un traumatismo de columna cervical pueden variar desde lesiones menores estables hasta lesiones complejas e inestables con posibles secuelas neurológicas o afectación vascular.

Los criterios canadienses (Canadian C-Spine Rule) y los criterios NEXUS tratan de identificar a aquellos individuos con bajo riesgo de presentar lesiones por traumatismo cervical y en quienes se puede prescindir con seguridad de la exploración radiológica. En pacientes con alto riesgo, está indicada una prueba de imagen, siendo la técnica de elección, en adultos, la tomografía computarizada multidectector. En ocasiones son necesarios estudios complementarios como angio-TC de troncos supraaórticos o la resonancia magnética.

Diagnosticar y clasificar estas lesiones pueden ser un desafío para el radiólogo, ya que algunas de ellas pueden ser sutiles y difíciles de detectar. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los hallazgos radiológicos más relevantes y las clasificaciones más utilizadas.

Palabras clave:
Fractura de columna
Traumatismo del raquis
Traumatismo vertebral
Columna cervical

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