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Vol. 66. Issue S1.
Suplement “"Advances in Thoracic Radiology”
Pages S10-S23 (April 2024)
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Vol. 66. Issue S1.
Suplement “"Advances in Thoracic Radiology”
Pages S10-S23 (April 2024)
Original articles
Prevalence and prognostic meaning of interstitial lung abnormalities in remote CT scans of patients with interstitial lung disease treated with antifibrotic therapy
Prevalencia y significado pronóstico de las alteraciones pulmonares intersticiales precoces en TC de pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial tratados con antifibróticos
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M.M. García Mullora, J.J. Arenas-Jiménezb,c,d,
Corresponding author
j.arenasjimenez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Ureña Vacasb,d, I. Gayá García-Mansoa,d, J.L. Pérez Péreza, N. Serra Serrab, R. García Sevilaa,d,e
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
c Departamento de Patología y Cirugía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
d Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
e Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients included in the study.
Table 2. Final diagnosis of patients with radiological ILA according to ILA categories.
Table 3. Interobserver agreement for the scoring of findings and extent of abnormalities on the baseline CT scan of the 50 patients.
Table 4. Relationship between traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing grades at baseline with the rate of progression in patients with radiological ILAs.
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Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Vol. 66. Issue S1

Suplement “"Advances in Thoracic Radiology”

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Abstract
Objectives

To describe the prevalence and characteristics of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in CT scans performed prior to the initiation of antifibrotics in a series of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and to identify characteristics apparent on early CT scans that could help to predict outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study. The original cohort consisted of 101 patients diagnosed with ILD and treated with antifibrotics in a tertiary hospital. Patients were included if they had a thoracic CT scan performed at least one year before initiation of therapy. They were classified radiologically in three groups: without ILA, with radiological ILA and extensive abnormalities. ILA were classified as subpleural fibrotic, subpleural non-fibrotic and non-subpleural. The initial scan and the latest CT scan performed before treatment were read for assessing progression. The relationship between CT findings of fibrosis and the radiological progression rate and mortality were analyzed.

Results

We included 50 patients. Only 1 (2%) had a normal CT scan, 25 (50%) had extensive alterations and 24 (48%) had radiological criteria for ILA, a median of 98.2 months before initiation of antifibrotics, of them 18 (75%) had a subpleural fibrotic pattern. Significant bronchiectasis and obvious honeycombing in the lower zones were associated with shorter survival (p = 0.04). Obvious honeycombing in the lower zones was also significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a faster progression rate.

Conclusions

Fibrotic ILAs are frequent in remote scans of patients with clinically relevant ILD, long before they require antifibrotics. Findings of traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing in the earliest scans, even in asymptomatic patients, are related to mortality and progression later on.

Keywords:
Lung diseases
Interstitial
Pulmonary fibrosis
Tomography
X-Ray computed
Bronchiectasis
Honeycombing
Retrospective study
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir la prevalencia y características de las alteraciones intersticiales pulmonares (AIP) en tomografías computarizadas (TC) realizadas antes del inicio del tratamiento antifibrótico en una serie de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID), e identificar las características visibles en las TC iniciales que podrían ayudar a predecir el pronóstico.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluye una cohorte original de 101 pacientes diagnosticados de EPID y tratados con antifibróticos en un hospital terciario. Los pacientes fueron incluidos cuando contaban con una TC torácica realizada al menos un año antes del inicio del tratamiento. Se clasificaron radiológicamente en tres grupos: sin AIP, con AIP y “alteraciones extensas”. Asimismo, las AIP se clasificaron como subpleural fibrótica, subpleural no fibrótica y no subpleural. Se leyeron la TC inicial y la más cercana anterior al tratamiento para evaluar la progresión, y se analizó la relación entre los hallazgos de fibrosis en dicha TC inicial y la tasa de progresión radiológica y mortalidad.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 50 pacientes, solo 1 (2%) tenía una TC inicial normal, 25 (50%) tenían “alteraciones extensas” y 24 (48%) tenían criterios de AIP radiológica una mediana de 98,2 meses antes del inicio del tratamiento. De estas últimas, 18 (75%) tenían un patrón subpleural fibrótico. Las bronquiectasias significativas y el panal evidente en las zonas inferiores se asociaron con una supervivencia más corta (p = 0,04). El panal en las zonas inferiores se asoció significativamente (p < 0,05) con una tasa de progresión más rápida.

Conclusiones

Las AIP fibróticas son frecuentes en exploraciones antiguas de pacientes con EPID clínicamente relevante, mucho antes de que requieran tratamiento con antifibróticos. Los hallazgos de bronquiectasias por tracción y panal en las TC iniciales, incluso en pacientes asintomáticos, se relacionan con la mortalidad y progresión más rápida en el futuro.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad intersticial pulmonar
Fibrosis pulmonar
Tomografía computarizada
Bronquiectasias
Panalización
Estudio retrospectivo

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