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"apellidos" => "Bleila" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0033833820301247" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2020.09.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0033833820301247?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217351072030094X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735107/0000006200000006/v1_202012210613/S217351072030094X/v1_202012210613/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Radiology's and nuclear medicine's paths converge" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "435" "paginaFinal" => "436" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Pons" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Pons" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fpons@clinic.ub.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Presidenta de la Comisión Nacional de Medicina Nuclear Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Radiodiagnóstico y Medicina Nuclear: caminos encontrados" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I would like to start this brief text by going back in time to the end of the 19th century, when two discoveries took place in less than a year which would be of great importance in medical science. At the end of 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> which were a milestone in the history of diagnostic imaging, as for the first time images could be obtained of the inside of the human body after passing radiation through it. They were called X-rays because at the time this was an unknown type of radiation. A few months later, in 1896, the French scientist Henri Becquerel discovered a mysterious radiation emitted by uranium salt while working with phosphorescent materials,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> a phenomenon that two years later was given the name of radioactivity by Marie Curie,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> a French scientist of Polish origin. So, the almost simultaneous discovery of two unknown types of radiation were the beginning of what years later would become two medical specialities of great importance today: Radiodiagnostics and Nuclear Medicine.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">X-rays quickly had numerous clinical applications and their use spread internationally. In Spain, in 1912 the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Española de Electrología y Radiología Médicas</span> [Spanish Journal of Medical Electrology and Radiology] was published, and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Electrología y Radiología Médicas</span> [Spanish Society for Medical Electrology and Radiology] was established in 1917.The clinical applications of radioactivity took longer to be incorporated, as artificial radioactivity had first to be discovered, finally occurring in 1934 thanks to the work of Frederic Joliot and Irene Curie.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> We therefore have to place the beginning of clinical Nuclear Medicine in the late 1930s.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, in those times there were no medical specialities and there were medical professionals who used the different physical agents, both ionising (such as X-rays or gamma rays) and non-ionising, in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. The future specialities of Radiodiagnostics, Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Oncology therefore started out together. The qualification of specialist was not established in Spain until 1955, by means of the Law on “Teaching, Qualification and Exercise of Medical Specialities”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> which established, for professional practice, a list of 31 medical specialities, among which is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Electroradiology</span>. Two decades later, in 1978, after having travelled this long road together, a Royal Decree was published regulating the obtaining of degrees in medical specialities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> in which 51 specialist areas were recognised, including: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Electroradiology</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nuclear Medicine</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiodiagnostics</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiotherapy</span>. A few years later, however, in 1984, the Royal Decree regulating specialised medical training,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> dropped Electroradiology and the medical professionals who had this qualification had to replace it with that of specialist in Nuclear Medicine, Radiodiagnostics or Radiation Oncology.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From then on, Radiodiagnostics and Nuclear Medicine took very different paths. From the point of view of scientific societies, as mentioned previously, in 1917 the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spanish Society for Medical Electrology and Radiology was established,</span> which in 1946 was reconstituted, becoming the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Radiología y Electrología Médica</span> (SEREM) [Spanish Society for Medical Radiology and Electrology]. SEREM was a kind of umbrella group in which Radiodiagnostics was twinned with the Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine associations, and in which Electroradiology had less and less weight. Over the years, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine created their own societies and Electrology passed into the hands of other specialists. For Nuclear Medicine, the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asociación Española de Medicina Nuclear</span> (AEMN) [Spanish Association of Nuclear Medicine], a subsidiary of SEREM, was born in 1969. In 1977 it became independent, creating the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear</span> (SEMN) [Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine], which renamed itself the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular</span> (SEMNIM) [Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging] in 2009. SEREM also changed its name to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica</span> (SERAM) [Spanish Society of Medical Radiology] in 1986, the name by which it is still known.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SEMN and SERAM followed parallel paths, albeit with more disagreements than affinities, until, as evidenced by an article published in April 2009 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diario Médico</span> [Medical Journal] with the headline "Radiology and Nuclear Medicine together after 17 years going it alone", they met again. The then presidents of SERAM, Luis Martí Bonmatí, and SEMN, José Luis Carreras, signed a collaboration agreement to promote the professional development of both specialities, share information systems and optimise the criteria for diagnostic tests.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As happened with the respective scientific societies, each discipline also progressed with its respective scientific journal. After having shared knowledge in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Española de Electrología y Radiología Médicas</span> (Spanish Journal of Medical Electrology and Radiology), created in 1912, which was renamed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiologia</span> [Radiology] to be the “Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Radiología y Electrología Médica y de Medicina Nuclear” [Bulletin of the Spanish Society for Medical Radiology and Electrology and Nuclear Medicine], currently the journal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiología</span> is the official body of scientific expression of SERAM and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular</span> [Spanish Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging], created in 1982, that of SEMNIM. Both are published by Elsevier.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radiology and Nuclear Medicine have had fewer comings and goings in the university teaching field. A Ministerial Order of 1979<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> incorporated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiology and Physical Medicine</span> as a university area of knowledge (replacing what until then had been called Physical Therapy), which continues to this day, and in which subjects related to Radiodiagnostics, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Oncology and Rehabilitation are taught (being related to Physical Medicine).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six years ago it seemed that, although in a somewhat forced manner, Radiodiagnostics and Nuclear Medicine would walk hand in hand once more. The publication of what was popularly called the “Core” Royal Decree in 2014 established an organisation of specialised medical training based on five core areas. One of these, called the Clinical Imaging Core, integrated two specialities: Radiodiagnostics and Nuclear Medicine. Despite the fact that the current training system for medical residents has been rated very positively both in Spain and abroad,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> a new training model was proposed for residents, which meant that specialities in the same core area had to follow a period of common (core) training.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> For the two specialities which concern us, the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comisión Delegada del Tronco de Imagen Clínica</span> [Delegate Committee for the Clinical Imaging Core Area] was created, made up of two radiologists (Jesús Pueyo and Luis Ros) and two nuclear medicine specialists (Juan Carlos Alonso and Francesca Pons). After an intense period of work, in which consensus was reached without too much difficulty, the competencies future Radiodiagnostics and Nuclear Medicine residents should jointly acquire during the common core period which was to be implemented were defined. However, this project did not prosper, as the “Core” Royal Decree was annulled after an appeal to the Supreme Court.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the “Core” Royal Decree did not prosper, the reality in diagnostic imaging has resulted in radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine specialists having more and more points in common. The increasingly multidisciplinary nature of the medical sciences and the development of multi-modality techniques, such as SPECT/CT, PET/CT and PET/MRI, with components that historically belong to different specialist areas, have made the relationship between the two specialities increasingly close, and so made it necessary to establish common collaboration scenarios.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let us hope that common sense can prevail over any Royal Decree or Ministerial Order and that we are able to establish bridges of dialogue and collaboration between the two specialities, in order that our paths once more coincide for the sake of the better diagnosis of our patients and for the advancement of our specialist areas.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pons F. 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Editorial
Radiology's and nuclear medicine's paths converge
Radiodiagnóstico y Medicina Nuclear: caminos encontrados
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F. Pons
Presidenta de la Comisión Nacional de Medicina Nuclear Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
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