Update in Radiology
Doctoral theses: A survival guide for radiologists
La tesis doctoral: guía de supervivencia para radiólogos
R. Fornell Pérez
Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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(A) The photograph signals the left parascrotal mass. (B) Doppler imaging shows a multiloculated cystic mass with vessels (arrows) between the locules (Ls). (C) T2-enhanced coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming the presence of an inguinoscrotal cystic mass (MV) in close relation to the left spermatic cord (LCS). (D) T2-enhanced axial MRI showing fluid–fluid levels (arrow). (E) Surgical photograph showing the testis (LT), spermatic cord (LSC) and mass (MV).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Arango-Díaz, M.V. Trujillo-Ariza, M.M. Liñares-Paz, S. Baleato-González, M. García-Palacios" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Arango-Díaz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.V." "apellidos" => "Trujillo-Ariza" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Liñares-Paz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Baleato-González" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." 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Small renal mass of 1.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm on the right kidney with little contrast uptake. On the baseline computerised tomography (CT) (top left-hand picture), its density is 29 HU. On the contrast-enhanced CT (top right-hand picture), it is 48 HU. Dual-energy CT (lower picture) enables us to quantify iodine uptake (1.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) and confirm that it is a tumour. An iodine concentration of more than 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml is established as a possible cut-off value.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The pathology report identifies papillary carcinoma.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Martínez Rodríguez, G. Tardáguila de la Fuente, A.M. Villanueva Campos" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Martínez Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." 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Fornell Pérez" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Fornell Pérez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "robforper@gmail.com" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La tesis doctoral: guía de supervivencia para radiólogos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 3934 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 347749 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graphic representation of the timeline in the doctoral programme, depending on the part-time or full-time commitment.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent decades, the organisation of university education has undergone a major reform. With the signing of the Bologna Declaration by 29 countries on 19 June 1999, the creation of the European Higher Education Area was agreed upon, which was subsequently incorporated by another 19 countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Its objectives: harmonise the different educational systems of the European Union with a comparable model of degrees, establish an international credit system homologated at the European level and promote cooperation and mobility of students, professors and researchers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Among other things, the so-called Bologna Process incorporated an organisational reform with the adoption of a system based on two cycles: undergraduate and postgraduate studies, the latter including the master's degree and/or doctorate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> This led to the extinction of previous doctoral programmes between February 2011 and September 2017.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically, the production of doctoral theses on radiology has not been negligible, with 1036 theses read in Spain between 1976 and 2011 (an average of 29.6 theses/year).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However, after a large increase in the total number of doctoral works filed throughout Spain, coinciding with the extinction of the previous plan, there has been a notable drop in their number (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Although this was to be expected in a phase of adaptation to the new regulations, due to all the relatively recent changes, it is not uncommon to find some degree of confusion that may have contributed to the decrease in the number of doctoral students. Many of the current residents have studied under the new regulations, so they know how they work. However, given that the doctoral thesis is usually considered at a more advanced career stage, a review of its functioning may be useful for many.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this article is to perform a basic review of the current regulations for doctoral studies, analysing their requirements and deadlines, always from the radiologist's point of view. In addition, we try to provide some practical recommendations from personal experience, with the hope of encouraging and helping future doctoral students.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Requirements for access</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Today, most of the universities have an entity called the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Doctoral School</span>, which is responsible for the organisation, planning and development of doctoral programmes. The current regulations are included in Royal Decree 99/2011 of 28 January, which regulates official doctoral studies (with subsequent amendments in Royal Decree 534/2013 of 12 July).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently, to access an official doctoral programme, an official degree and master's degree or equivalent will be required, provided that at least 300 ECTS (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Credit Transfer System</span>) credits have been passed across both disciplines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. Foreign degrees are valid, after verification by the university that they accredit a level of training equivalent to that of the official Spanish master's degree.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Originally, for university graduates who had obtained specialised health training posts (via MIR), passing with positive evaluation at least two years of training in a programme to obtain the official degree of one of the specialties in Health Sciences was considered equivalent to a master's degree.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Access was also considered for graduates through extinct plans in possession of a diploma of advanced studies or research proficiency, obtained in accordance with the provisions of Royal Decree 778/1998 of 30 April and Royal Decree 185/1985 of 23 January, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> However, subsequent resolutions have modified this criterion, admitting the equivalence to the master's level of both the official degree<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and the bachelor of Medicine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> for access to the doctorate, given the number of credits taken.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The enrolment period usually coincides with the beginning of the academic year, although deadlines may vary between universities. An academic commission will assess the applications and documentation, and determine the candidates eligible for enrolment in the doctoral programme, with a limited number of places per year. This commission may establish additional requirements and criteria to those of the general regulations for the selection and admission of students.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> It will usually be necessary to present academic certificates corresponding to previous studies that allow access to the doctorate, but academic records, merits, years of specialisation or even a personal interview may be requested. Therefore, it is advisable to obtain information in advance at the corresponding university.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">The doctorate programme</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The structure of the doctoral programme presents great changes with respect to the previous extinct plans. Previously one went through a mandatory initial teaching period, and later the doctoral thesis was carried out. Under the current regulations, the programme is much more variable and adaptable, with the preparation of the thesis starting from the beginning.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently, once admitted to the programme, the PhD student will be enrolled annually for academic tutelage by the doctoral school or responsible unit. At the time of admission, within a maximum period of 3 months, the PhD candidate must be assigned to a research line and will be assigned a tutor and a thesis director.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The director will be responsible for the coherence and suitability of the training activities, for the impact in the field of the research, and for guiding the planning and adaptation of other projects and activities in which the doctoral candidate is enrolled. The tutor will be responsible for the interaction between the doctoral student and the academic commission. These two figures may or may not be the same person, and may be changed during the doctoral period after evaluation by the academic committee.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Usually, the doctoral student may suggest directors within their field of research, who will be assessed and accepted – if appropriate – by the academic commission; however, it is not uncommon for the tutor to be appointed by the university, since this figure must be bound to the unit or to the school that organises the programme.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In the specific case of health sciences it is not mandatory that the director belongs to the same specialisation, but it is recommended that he/she be familiar with the field of research; For example, a neuroradiology project could be directed by radiologists as well as neurologists or neurosurgeons. Each university establishes the requirements to be a director through the doctoral school or the unit in charge of the programme; they usually include holding a doctorate and having accredited research and/or academic experience.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The possibility of having co-directors, for academic, interdisciplinary reasons or in programmes developed in national or international collaboration, is also contemplated; in any case, the authorisation of the academic commission is necessary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After admission, a personalised activity document will also be created for each doctoral student, where all the activities of interest for the development of the doctorate will be recorded as regulated by the university, the school or the academic commission itself.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In addition, before the end of the first year, the doctoral candidate must submit a research plan to the academic committee, including at least: topic and objective of the doctoral research, methodology, means and time planning, endorsed by the director and tutor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>. The term may be shorter, depending on the university: for example, the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria sets a maximum period of 6 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The activity document may include as requirements attendance at compulsory courses or seminars, the completion of a number of optional credits, attendance at specific courses or congresses on the subject, presentations at congresses or publications on the doctoral research carried out. The elements included will be quite variable, not only between universities, but between different programmes within the same centre. For example, the Universidad del País Vasco recommends completing courses that it offers, without a specific number of credits, and the publication of an article in only certain programmes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>; the Universidad de Cádiz requires the publication of an article in a journal with impact factor of any level, as well as courses in a programme<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>; the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria also requires an article in a prestigious journal, in addition to a paper at a national or international congress and attendance at courses/congresses related to research.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The commission will carry out an annual evaluation of both the adhesion to the activity document by the doctoral student and the evolution of the research plan, together with reports from the director and the tutor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> If deficiencies are detected, the commission will request a new plan and reports after 6 months; if it is not resolved, this may cause the programme to terminate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Once again, the requested requirements may vary between universities.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the training plan, the doctoral student must specify his/her commitment to the programme, either full- or part-time. In the first case, the maximum period between admission to the programme and the submission of the completed thesis is 3 years, which can be extended for one more year with prior authorisation of the academic commission. In the case of part-time commitment, these periods are extended to 5 years with two years of extension (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Exceptionally, it is possible to request one more year of extension in both cases, with prior authorisation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,12,13</span></a> Throughout this period, it is possible to change the dedication regime (e.g., from full- to part-time), after justification and authorisation by the academic commission. The remaining period for the presentation of the thesis will be recalculated from the moment of the change, and the calculation will be made based on the time pertaining to each of the modalities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The doctoral candidate may request a temporary withdrawal from the programme for a maximum period of one year, which can be extended exceptionally for a second year, if justified and authorised by the academic commission. This will include sick leave, pregnancy or maternity/paternity leave, among others. For the purpose of calculating deadlines until the thesis is submitted, this time will not be taken into account.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,11</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, the university may establish a minimum period of permanence in the programme before being able to submit the finished thesis; this will vary depending on the centre: the Universidad del País Vasco requires a minimum period of two years from the first registration, while the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria requires only one year and that of Seville does not establish a minimum term.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12,14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">The doctoral thesis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The doctoral thesis must consist of an original research work prepared by the doctoral student, which demonstrates his/her capacity for autonomous work in the field of research and development.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Both development and defence can be done in the usual languages for scientific communication in the student's field of knowledge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Each university will establish the procedures for submission, subsequent deadlines for defence, quality control and advertising.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an alternative, the thesis may consist of a set of publications (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">thesis by compendium</span>) produced by the doctoral student and related to his/her research plan, book chapters or a complete book, provided they have been accepted for publication after the first enrolment in the programme.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,13</span></a> In publications with several authors, the rest must express in writing that they will not present them as another doctoral thesis; in addition, the doctoral candidate should preferably appear as the first author, or as the second with the first being the director.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,13</span></a> The number and type of publications will vary among the different universities: for example, the Universidad de Cádiz requires three magazine articles that are among the first three quartiles of the impact factor list according to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal Citation Reports</span> (JCR)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>; the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria requires an article between the first two quartiles and two other articles with an impact factor of any level<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>; for their part, both the Universidad de Sevilla and the Universidad de Murcia request articles (two and three, respectively) included in internationally recognised databases, without specifying an impact factor, or book chapters of justified importance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a> Additional criteria may be requested, such as specific mention in the works of the corresponding university.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In its final version, the thesis by compendium must include at least the introduction chapters, conclusions and joint discussion of the results justified by the scientific unit of the publications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,13,15</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once it is submitted, a doctoral committee will assess the doctoral thesis in an act of public defence, consisting of the presentation of the research work prepared. The doctoral student's activities document will also be evaluated, although only in a complementary qualitative way.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The committee must be composed entirely of doctors with proven research experience, mostly external to the university or related institutions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This committee will issue a report and a grade, which could be <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">not eligible, approved, notable</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">outstanding</span>; the mention <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cum laude</span> is the maximum mention and must be granted unanimously by secret ballot.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> If approved, the thesis will be included in the Teseo database of the Ministry of Education, which is a source of consultation of completed theses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,6</span></a> It will also be included in the university's open archive<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>; in this regard, it is important to take into account the possible conflicts that may arise between the commitment to publish institutional repositories and the transfer of rights to journals where articles have been published or are intended to be published based on the work done in the thesis. The last administrative step will be to request the issuance of the doctorate, which will be dated the day of the request (not the defence of the thesis).</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The doctorate may include the mention “International Doctorate”, which can give the holder greater curricular validity in some countries. For this, certain requirements must be met: (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>) a minimum stay of three months outside of Spain in a higher education institution or prestigious research centre during the doctoral period, validated by the academic commission, studying or conducting research work; (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>) writing and presentation of part of the doctoral thesis (at least the summary and conclusions) in one of the usual languages for scientific communication in the candidate's field of knowledge, other than the official or co-official languages of Spain, except if the stay corresponds to another Spanish speaking country; (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>) a suitability report by a minimum of two expert doctors from non-Spanish higher education institutions or research institutes, and (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>) presence in the committee of at least one expert with a doctorate and similar characteristics to point <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>, other than the person in charge of the stay at the international centre.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Practical recommendations</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Having reviewed the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">institutional</span> part of the topic, we move on to a more practical approach. The completion of a thesis does not follow a strict programme; it will depend on many factors, from the guidelines of the university corresponding to the type of research, to personal circumstances. However, there are certain general recommendations that may be useful to keep in mind.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Advance work</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If the reader is considering doing a doctoral thesis, it is not necessary to wait to enrol to start with certain aspects of the research. Performing part of the work in advance is not only lawful, but very practical: it will save time, so that the years of enrolment and the pressure associated with the time limit will be lower. In addition, going ahead with a clear idea about the project can avoid last-minute problems and doubts when presenting the research plan (remember, the first year).</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caution: the mandatory requirements that are requested for the presentation of the thesis (e.g., publications or papers if necessary) must be completed within the period of enrolment in the doctorate. However, aspects such as the literature review of the topic, the design of the research or the acquisition and analysis of data can be carried out in advance without problems.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, as far as possible, it is recommended that the doctoral candidate enrol in the programme with a previously agreed project and director. Some universities even consider the availability of an acceptance letter in a specific line of research as a criterion included in the admission scale for the doctoral programme.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Get information in advance from the corresponding university</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As mentioned, the exact requirements for the preparation and defence of the thesis can vary greatly, not only between universities, but between the different doctoral programmes of the same university: from attending specific courses or completing a minimum number of credits, to that of publications prior to defending the thesis. It is advisable to inquire ahead of time about the characteristics and conditions of each one before choosing, especially if you have several options. Contacting doctoral students of the planned programme and learning about their experiences can be of great help.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For example, the incorporation by several universities of a publication in a high-impact international journal as a requirement for the submission of the thesis is something to consider. Objectively, there is no doubt that it contributes as a standard of quality and uniformity between the different centres and countries, in addition to ensuring a minimum level of research and eliminating the risk that the content of the thesis remains unpublished after completion (which has not been uncommon in previous plans); but from the point of view of the doctoral student, it adds one more step of difficulty in an already complex task, even if it enhances the curriculum.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This point also applies to the enrolment process: since the number of places per programme and year is limited, there may be some competition for admission. It is advisable to get information in advance on the necessary or most valued merits.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Plan the time</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This should not be thought of in day to day terms, but as a long term concept. Three to five years seems like a lifetime, but it is not; even less when we are talking about a process in which each phase will require relatively long periods. In addition, it is not that there <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">may be</span> delays: there will be. Surely. It's better to accept this from the beginning. For example, prospective studies are much more attractive for publication, but it is difficult to predict how long it will take to complete the chosen sample size; in investigations with several observers, it is very likely that someone fails to meet the scheduled times, which will delay further steps; each time an article is sent to a journal, there will be a review period (minimum 4–6 weeks), in addition to the requested modifications (another 4 weeks of revision), or unfortunately, it can be rejected (starting again). And this is only in terms of the research itself: in five years there may be periods with more workload, illness, relationship breakdowns... everything.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Does this picture look somewhat pessimistic? No, it is realistic, which is the objective of this advice. The doctorate can turn out to be a roller coaster, not only emotionally, but in terms of work. The best remedy for any eventuality is to plan the time correctly:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First of all, it is better not to pack it to the limit: planning everything leaving a wide margin of leeway at the end (e.g., planning a part-time thesis for 3 years of the 5 available) will keep you calm when unforeseen events arise. And of course, if you are working, you should not hesitate to choose part-time commitment.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly, there are things that cannot be calculated, but it is advisable to try to set time limits for what is foreseeable. Some examples: fixed periods for reviews by different observers (so many tests should be reviewed in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span> amount of time); the literature review must be completed on a particular date; etc. Doing it in writing can be much more useful than you think.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirdly, and very importantly: set time goals, but be reasonable. It is tempting to get carried away by optimism (“this is sure to be finished in a month”); but then, when things get bogged down, it becomes daunting. Nor should you exhaust yourself with a huge overload in specific periods. Let's not forget that the thesis is a major undertaking: it is best to be constant and realistic in the organisation of work.</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Using available resources</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The completion of a thesis involves dealing with different aspects of an investigation. Fortunately, today there are tools and resources that can make work much easier:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is very highly recommended to use a bibliographic citations management programme from the beginning, such as Mendeley (Elsevier Inc., New York), EndNote (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia) or Zotero (Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, Virginia). There are versions for different operating systems and in several cases they are free. Essentially, they allow you to generate and organise a section of bibliographic references with different styles, in addition to automatically reorganising it with any change that is made in the document and making personal annotations in the articles. In some cases, they incorporate a virtual library that allows you to download documents or use the personal list of publications on any computer, something that can be very useful if you are going to work in several locations.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using the centre or university library. It is quite common for these to provide free access to bibliographic resources that would not otherwise be available and that can sometimes be used from anywhere. In addition, they usually have exchange networks between centres, through which it is possible to obtain copies of old or uncommon publications.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seeking statistical support. If the centre or university to which you belong has staff with experience in statistical analysis, you may be in luck. This will avoid many headaches and moments of doubt about the calculations, variables or research design, although it is not absolutely essential. Many centres have research support units that can advise you. Another alternative is to use the corresponding department of the university, or even hire a private advisor. But be careful: it is not advisable to completely wash your hands of this part of the work. On the one hand, if the statistical advisor does not belong to the health field, he/she can make errors of interpretation or approach due to simple ignorance. On the other hand, both in the publications and in the final defence of the thesis it will be necessary to explain and justify the calculations made and the results, so you will have to understand <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">what</span> has been calculated, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">how</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">what it means</span>.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verify that the text editor to be used allows hyperlinks to be created. With this, tables, figures or references in the text can be linked to each other or to a particular section. Together with bibliography managers, this is extraordinarily useful, since over time you will want to modify or reorganise paragraphs or even sections. Once the hyperlink is created, the reference or index will be modified automatically according to its new position in the text, without having to worry about correcting it manually (when the text exceeds 100 pages, this will be greatly appreciated). In general, most current text editing programmes include this option.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Make copies to be sure. Several, and on different media. Nothing is more frustrating and absurd than losing months of work due to a crash or losing a USB stick. It is advisable to also keep copies of the previous versions: at some point it may be necessary to review a citation or decide that a graph was better before the change you made last month.</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Celebrate small successes</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Throughout the period occupied by the thesis, there will be hard times. It is a fact: it will be very present in the thoughts of the doctoral student and for a time it will become something important in life. It is inevitable that it will generate certain frustrations when something does not go as desired. Therefore, it is important to also celebrate small achievements: completing the database, conference communications, a publication, etc. That will remind us that, little by little, progress is being made and we closer to achieving it. When referring to something so long term, it is best to keep a clear mind and a certain perspective; remember, it is a long-distance race.</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, the thesis is going to take up a lot of free time for a long period and sometimes it can be exhausting, so remember to rest from time to time. A doctoral student deserves a vacation too!</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusions</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Doctoral programmes represent an open door to the world of research. A doctoral thesis is hard, there is no doubt about that; It takes a lot of time, a thousand difficulties arise and many believe that it is not worth the effort. But the personal satisfactions that can be generated go beyond money or merit, and in the end it is worth it. Or so a doctorate survivor thinks, which encourages them to consider this possibility.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Authorship</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Responsible for the integrity of the study: RFP.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study conception: RFP.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study design: RFP.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4.</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis and interpretation: NA.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5.</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical processing: NA.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6.</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Literature search: RFP.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7.</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drafting of the article: RFP.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0080"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8.</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Critical review of the manuscript with intellectually relevant contributions: NA.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9.</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Approval of the final version: RFP.</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This review received no specific grants from public agencies, the commercial sector or non-profit organisations.</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:19 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1335829" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1230261" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1335830" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1230262" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Requirements for access" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "The doctorate programme" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "The doctoral thesis" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Practical recommendations" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Advance work" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Get information in advance from the corresponding university" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Plan the time" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Using available resources" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Celebrate small successes" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Authorship" ] 16 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 17 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 18 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-07-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-11-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1230261" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Medical education" 1 => "Continuing medical education" 2 => "University" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1230262" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Educación médica" 1 => "Formación continuada" 2 => "Universidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nowadays, there are, surprisingly, many opportunities for research in the field of radiology, and these are accessible at any level. Thanks to radiological information systems and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), a huge number of images and cases are available. Nevertheless, the daily workload and the lack of resources sometimes limit the advance of radiologic research. One of the routes of access is doctoral programmes.</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Bologna process has resulted in significant changes in the organisation and in the prerequisites for doctoral theses. The new situation can be confusing for those who are further removed from the university. Given that many radiologists undertake their doctoral theses once their careers are well established, unfamiliarity with the new system can represent an added difficulty. This article aims to review the basic regulations that govern doctoral programmes nowadays and to provide some useful advice for potential doctoral students.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hoy día, las posibilidades de investigación en el campo de la radiología son sorprendentemente amplias, accesibles a cualquier nivel. Gracias a los programas de gestión e informe, los archivos disponibles de imágenes y casos son enormes. Sin embargo, la presión asistencial y la falta de medios a veces limitan su avance. Una de las posibles vías de acceso son los programas de doctorado.</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La introducción del Plan Bolonia ha condicionado grandes cambios en la organización y requisitos necesarios para la tesis doctoral. Esto puede ser confuso para aquellos más alejados de la universidad; dado que la realización de la tesis con cierta frecuencia se plantea avanzada la vida profesional, su desconocimiento puede ser una dificultad añadida. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la normativa básica que rige los programas de doctorado en la actualidad, así como aportar algunos consejos útiles para los posibles futuros doctorandos.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Fornell Pérez R. La tesis doctoral: guía de supervivencia para radiólogos. Radiología. 2020;62:180–187.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1129 "Ancho" => 1585 "Tamanyo" => 120466 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total doctoral theses submitted in different Spanish universities per academic year between 2013 and 2019. Data obtained from the TESEO 4.2 database of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 3934 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 347749 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graphic representation of the timeline in the doctoral programme, depending on the part-time or full-time commitment.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "El Proceso de Bolonia; 2019. Available at: <a target="_blank" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_de_Bolonia">https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_de_Bolonia#Historia_del_proceso</a> [last updated 19.06.19; Accessed 24.06.2019]." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Web de la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas; 2016. Available at: <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209235250/http://www.crue.org/espacioeuropeo/espacioeuropeo.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20090209235250/http://www.crue.org/espacioeuropeo/espacioeuropeo.html</a> [last updated 6.03.16; Accessed 10.06.19]." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado. BOE de 10 de febrero de 2011, n° 35, páginas 1 a 17." ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Las tesis doctorales en radiodiagnóstico: estudio de la producción española entre 1976 y 2011" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Machan" 1 => "F. Sendra Portero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2018.03.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiologia" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "394" "paginaFinal" => "403" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Base de datos Teseo 4.2, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Available at: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/irBusquedaAvanzada.do">https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/irBusquedaAvanzada.do</a>." ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Real Decreto 534/2013, de 12 de julio, por el que se modifican los Reales Decretos 1393/2007, de 29 de octubre, por el que se establece la ordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales; 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado; y 1892/2008, de 14 de noviembre, por el que se regulan las condiciones para el acceso a las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales de grado y los procedimientos de admisión a las universidades públicas españolas. BOE de 13 de julio de 2013, n° 167, páginas 52159 a 52161." ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Real Decreto 778/1998, de 30 de abril, por el que se regula el tercer ciclo de estudios universitarios, la obtención y expedición del título de Doctor y otros estudios de postgrado. BOE de 1 de mayo de 1998, n° 104, páginas 14688 a 14696 (Disposición derogada)." ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Real Decreto 185/1985, de 23 de enero, por el que se regula el tercer ciclo de estudios universitarios, la obtención y expedición del título de Doctor y otros estudios postgraduados. BOE de 16 de febrero de 1985, n° 41, páginas 3947 a 3953 (Disposición derogada)." ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Real Decreto 96/2014, de 14 de febrero, por el que se modifican los Reales Decretos 1027/2011, de 15 de julio, por el que se establece el Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior (MECES), y 1393/2007, de 29 de octubre, por el que se establece la ordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales. BOE de 5 de marzo de 2014, n° 55, páginas 20151 a 20154." ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Resolución de 21 de julio de 2015, de la Dirección General de Política Universitaria, por la que se publica el Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 10 de julio de 2015, por el que se determina el nivel de correspondencia al nivel del Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior del Título Universitario Oficial de Licenciado en Medicina. BOE de 12 de agosto de 2015, n° 192, páginas 73217 a 73219." ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Acuerdo del Consejo de Gobierno de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, de 17 de diciembre de 2012, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Régimen Interno y el Código de Buenas Prácticas de la Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Boletín Oficial de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria de 9 de enero de 2013, n° 1, páginas 26 a 33." ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Resolución de 19 de julio de 2019, de la Vicerrectora de Estudios de Grado y Posgrado de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, por la que se procede a la publicación de la Normativa de Gestión de las Enseñanzas de Doctorado, aprobada en el Consejo de Gobierno de 12 de julio de 2019. Boletín Oficial del País Vasco de 8 de agosto de 2019, n° 149, páginas 1 a 25." ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Acuerdo del Consejo de Gobierno de 4 de mayo de 2016, por el que se aprueba la modificación del Reglamento UCA/CG06/2012, de 27 de junio de 2012, por el que se regula la ordenación de los estudios de doctorado en la Universidad de Cádiz. Boletín Oficial de la Universidad de Cádiz de 13 de mayo de 2016, n° 208, página 111." ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Acuerdo 9.1/CG 19-4-12 por el que se aprueba la Normativa reguladora del régimen de la Tesis Doctoral de la Universidad de Sevilla. Boletín Oficial de la Universidad de Sevilla de 23 de mayo de 2012, n° 3, páginas 41 a 49." ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Resolución del Rector de la Universidad de Murcia (R-310/2015), de 15 de mayo, por la que se ordena la publicación en el Boletín Oficial de la Región de Murcia de la modificación del Reglamento de Doctorado. Boletín Oficial de la Región de Murcia de 21 de mayo de 2015, n° 115, páginas 21155 a 21186." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735107/0000006200000003/v1_202005140641/S2173510720300203/v1_202005140641/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "45683" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Update in Radiology" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735107/0000006200000003/v1_202005140641/S2173510720300203/v1_202005140641/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173510720300203?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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