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Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 307-311 (January 2001)
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Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 307-311 (January 2001)
Atrofia muscular espinal. Complicaciones y rehabilitación
Spinal muscular atrophy. Complications and rehabilitation
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8300
A. Febrer
Corresponding author
afebrer@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia: Servicio de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu. U.B. Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2 08950 Esplugues (Barcelona).
, M. Meléndez
Servicio de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu. U.B. Barcelona
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Resumen

—La atrofia muscular espinal es una enfermedad neuromuscular, que se transmite con carácter autosómico recesivo. La alteración genética se localiza en el cromosoma 5 y produce una degeneración de las motoneuronas del asta anterior de la médula espinal, lo cual se traduce en una importante hipotonía y debilidad muscular. La sintomatología se inicia en la infancia y se conocen diferentes formas clínicas con una gran variabilidad en el pronóstico vital y funcional. Se considera una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil producida por una enfermedad hereditaria. Durante su evolución aparecen distintas complicaciones entre las que destacan: dificultad o ausencia de marcha, deformidades articulares, escoliosis, luxación de caderas, fracturas y alteraciones respiratorias. Realizamos una revisión de esta enfermedad, analizando la presencia de complicaciones y el manejo de las mismas. Asimismo tratamos el carácter discapacitante de esta enfermedad y su abordaje desde un programa de rehabilitación.

Palabras clave:
Atrofia muscular espinal
Clasificación
Complicaciones
Discapacidad
Rehabilitación
Summary

—Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disease that is transmitted with autosomal recessive disorder. The genetic alteration is located in chromosome 5 and produces degeneration of the motoneurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, which is translated into significant hypotony and muscular weakness. Symptomatology initiates in childhood and different clinical forms with a large variability in vital and functional prognosis are known. It is considered one of the principal causes of infant mortality produced by hereditary disease. During its evolution, different complications appear, among them: difficulties or absence of walking, articular deformities, scoliosis, hip dislocations, fractures and respiratory disorders. We carry out a review of this disease, analyzing the presence of complications and their management. In addition, we deal with the disabling character of this disease and its approach from a rehabilitation program.

Key words:
Spinal muscular atrophy
Classification
Complications
Discapacity
Rehabilitation

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