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Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue 2.
Pages 74-82 (January 2001)
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Vol. 35. Issue 2.
Pages 74-82 (January 2001)
Destino de los pacientes con fractura de cadera
Destination of the patients with hip fracture
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C. Tena-Dávila Mata*,*, M.A. Hernández García*, F. Rodríguez Salvanés**, S. Alcántara Bumbiedro***, E. Ortega Montero****
* Servicio de Rehabilitación. Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid.
** Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid.
*** Servicio de Rehabilitación. Hospital de Móstoles. Madrid.
**** Servicio de Rehabilitación. Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva. Badajoz.
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Resumen
Propósito del estudio

Describir el destino al alta y al cabo de un año tras la misma, de las personas intervenidas de fractura de cadera. Analizar los factores que influyen en que el destino al año sea la institucionalización de las personas intervenidas.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron 246 pacientes, que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por sufrir una fractura de cadera, desde el 1 de enero de 1994 al 1 de enero de 1997. Todos los pacientes tenían más de 65 años, caminaban con o sin ayudas de marcha y vivían en su domicilio antes del ingreso hospitalario.

Se definió con ellos una cohorte, que fue estudiada durante un año de forma prospectiva y concurrente.

Resultados

El destino de los pacientes se evaluó al alta y a los doce meses. Se consideraban tres posibles destinos en el momento del alta: volver al domicilio, ir a otro hospital o a una residencia. Se consideraba como definitiva la situación que tuviera el paciente al año. Como factores que podían influir se consideraron 14 variables cualitativas y ocho cuantitativas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con cálculos de intervalo de confianza al 95% para las variables cualitativas y de media y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas. El estudio de los factores de riesgo de institucionalización se realizó mediante regresión logística y análisis estratificado. Al final del seguimiento: 198 pacientes (80,5%; IC=74,9–85,2) permanecían en su domicilio. 21 pacientes (8,5%; IC=5,3–12,7) estaban ingresados en un hospital y 27 pacientes (10,9%; IC=7,4–15,6) en una residencia.

Los siguientes factores influían en el destino: edad (p<0,01), estancia (p=0,0145), Barthel previo (F 0,01), Lawton previo (p<0,01), SPMSQ (p<0,01), ASA (p=0,017), distancia caminada (p<0,01) dependencia dentro del domicilio (p<0,01) y fuera (p<0,01), visitar a familiares (p<0,01), actividades comunitarias (p<0,01).

Palabras clave:
Fractura de cadera
Destino al alta
Rehabilitación
Summary
Study purpose

Describe the destination on discharge and at the end of one year after this in subjects operated on for hip fracture. Analyze the factors that play a role in converting the destination at one year in institutionalization of the operated subject.

Patients and methods

A total of 246 patients who were operated on for a hip fracture from January 1, 1994 to January 1997 were studied. All of the patients were over 65 years of age, walked with or without walking aids and lived in their home prior to the hospitalization.

A cohort was defined with these patient and was studied for one year prospectively and concurrently.

Results

The destination of the patients was evaluated on discharge and at twelve months. Three possible destinations were considered at the moment of discharge: return to the home, transfer to another hospital or to a nursing home. The situation of the patient at one year was considered as final. Fourteen qualitative variables and eight quantitative ones were considered as factors that could have an influence. A descriptive analysis was performed with the calculation of a 95% confidence interval for the qualitative variables and of the mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables. The study of the risk factors for institutionalization was performed by logistic regression and stratified analysis. At the end of the follow-up, 198 patients (80.5% CI=74.9–85.2) remained in their home. 21 patients (8.5% CI=5.3–12.7) were hospitalized and 27 patients (10.9% CI=7.4–15.6) were in a nursing home.

The following factors played a role in their destination: age (p<0.01), sojourn (p=0.0145), previous Barthel (F 0.01), previous Lawton (p<0.01), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) (p<0.01), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) (p=0.017), distance walked (p<0.01) dependency within the home (p<0.01) and outside of it (p<0.01), visiting family (p<0.01), community activities (p<0.01).

Key words:
Hip fracture
Destination on discharge
Rehabilitation

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