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Vol. 35. Issue 4.
Pages 235-241 (January 2001)
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Vol. 35. Issue 4.
Pages 235-241 (January 2001)
Importancia del perfil psicológico para la rehabilitación de la elongación ósea de las extremidades inferiores en la acondroplasia
Importance of psychological profile for the rehabilitation of bone elongation of the lower limbs in achondroplasia
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M.A. González Viejo*,*, M.I. Hernández Morcuende**
* Servicio de Rehabilitación.
** Psicóloga Clínica. Hospital Universitario German Trias i Pujol. Badalona (Barcelona).
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Resumen

Se han estudiado las características psicológicas de 19 niños diagnosticados de acondroplasia, con una edad media de 10 años y un rango entre siete y 12 años, pendientes de someterse a un alargamiento quirúrgico óseo de sus extremidades, comparándolos con 19 controles normales, elegidos al azar en una población escolar de las mismas características, con el objetivo de conocer las posibles diferencias psicológicas existentes entre ambos grupos. En los niños acondroplásicos se analizó el perfil psicológico mediante cuestionarios, como el Child Behavior Checklist de Achenbach y el Test evaluativo multifactorial de adaptación infantil (TAMAI), mediante pruebas proyectivas, como el House-Tree-Person, Familia real, Familia L. Cormann, Pata Negra y el dibujo de su autoimagen y a través de una entrevista semiestructurada con los padres, donde se recogió información sobre pautas de sociabilidad, relación y afectividad. Finalmente se valoró el cociente intelectual (CI) a través del Weschler Intelligence Scale Children-Revised y se obtuvo información adicional sobre el rendimiento y comportamiento escolar a través de un informe ofrecido por el colegio.

En el grupo control se realizaron las mismas pruebas, menos el CI que se dedujo de las notas escolares.

La media del CI estaba dentro de los límites de la normalidad en el grupo con acondroplasia, pero en ellos se ha observado que son más inseguros, dependientes, introvertidos, retraídos, con baja autoestima y tendencia a la tiranización que el grupo control. Esto puede influir en el proceso de rehabilitación de la elongación ósea de sus extremidades, para corregir su hipometría simétrica.

Palabras clave:
Infancia
Acondroplasia
Perfil psicológico
Cociente intellectual
Rehabilitación
Summary

The psychological characteristics of 19 children diagnosed of achrondroplasia, with a mean age of 10 years and range of 7–12 years, who were pending surgical bone lengthening of their limbs have been studied and they have been compared with 19 normal, randomly chosen controls in a school age population having the same characteristics in order to know the possible psychological differences existing between both groups. In the achrondro-plastic children, the psychological profile was analyzed by questionnaires, such as the Child Behavior Checklist of Achenbach and the Test for the multifactorial assessment of child adaptation (TAMAI), by projective tests, such as the House-Tree-Person, Royal Family, L. Cormann Family, Black Duck and drawing their own self-image and through semistructured interviews with their parents, in which data on sociability, relationship and affectivity guidelines were gathered. Finally, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed with the Weschler Intelligence Scale Children-Revised and additional information was obtained on school performance and behavior through a report offered by the school. These same tests were carried out in the control group except for that of the IQ which was deduced from the school grades.

The mean IQ was within the normality limits in the group with achondroplasia, but those in the group were observed to be more insecure, dependent, introverted, shy, with low self-esteem and with a tendency to be tyrannizing than the control group. This can affect the rehabilitation process of the bone elongation of their limbs to correct their symmetric hypometry.

Key words:
Childhood
Achondroplasia
Psychological profile
Intelligence Quotient
Rehabilitation

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