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Journal Information
Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 70-73 (January 2002)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 70-73 (January 2002)
Patología post-trasplante cardíaco
Post-Transplantation Cardiac Pathology
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P. Galán Novella*, M. Valdazo Rojo, S. Pérez Álvarez, P. Martínez Brándulas, V. Fernández Vega
Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
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Resumen

Se han estudiado 250 pacientes trasplantados de corazón entre agosto del año 1988 y mayo de 1998 en nuestro Centro, de los que 212 fueron hombres (85%) y 38 mujeres (15%). La edad media era 52±10 años y la supervivencia al año de la recepción llegó al 64% mientras que a los cinco años bajó al 31%.

La patología post-trasplante más frecuentemente observada correspondió a la de los receptores con factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes mellitus y obesidad), donde la diabetes mellitus tuvo una prevalencia máxima en los mayores de 50 años de edad. Siguió en frecuencia de aparición la clínica del sistema músculo-esquelético (alteraciones musculares, dolor de espalda, artralgias, fracturas vertebrales y osteoporosis), donde así mismo las lumbalgias y la osteoporosis prevalecieron en los mayores de 60 años de edad.

Ante estos cuadros sintomáticos post-trasplante pensamos que los programas de Rehabilitación Cardíaca en los trasplantados de corazón deben y tienen que incluir protocolos para su temprana detección y para su adecuado tratamiento rehabilitador.

Key words:
Cardiac transplantation
Rehabilitation
Post-transplantation pathology
Palabras clave:
Trasplante cardíaco
Rehabilitación
Patología post-trasplante
Summary

A total of 250 heart transplanted patients were studied between August 1988 and May 1998 in our center, 212 of whom were men (85%) and 38 women (15%). Their mean age was 52±10 years and survival at one year of the transplant reached 64% while it decreased to 31% at 5 years.

The most frequently observed post-transplantation pathology corresponded to that of the recipients with cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity), in which the diabetes mellitus had a maximum prevalence in those over 50 years of age. The symptoms of the musculo-skeletal system (muscular alterations, back pain, arthralgias, vertebral fractures and osteoporosis), in which the lumbalgias and osteoporosis prevailed in those over 60 years of age, followed in frequency of appearance.

Faced with these post-transplantation symptomatic pictures, we believe that the Cardiac Rehabilitation programs in the heart transplanted patients should and must include protocols for their early detection and adequate rehabilitation treatment.

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