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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 52-58 (March 2012)
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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 52-58 (March 2012)
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Posible papel de la β2 glicoproteína I y la apoptosis durante la diseminación intermolecular de epítopes en lupus eritematoso sistémico
Possible role of β2-glycoprotein I and apoptosis during intermolecular epitope spreading in systemic lupus erythematous
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Mauricio Restrepo E.1,
Corresponding author
mauresco90@hotmail.com

Correspondencia:.
, Carolina Muñoz G.1, Adriana L. Vanegas G.1, Luis Alonso González1, Gloria María Vásquez D.1
1 Sección de Reumatología. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen

El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad caracterizada por la pérdida de la tolerancia hacia antígenos propios que conlleva a la aparición de autoanticuerpos contra antígenos nucleares y daño de órganos asociado. Durante la apoptosis se expone al sistema inmune a múltiples antígenos nucleares y se piensa que alteraciones en la remoción de cuerpos apoptóticos pueden iniciar o perpetuar una respuesta autoinmune. Otra fuente de material nuclear expuesto al medio extracelular son las denominadas micropartículas, las cuales son liberadas de diferentes células no solo durante la apoptosis sino también durante la activación celular o el estrés mecánico. Se ha demostrado que los pacientes con LES presentan autoanticuerpos varios años antes de la fase clínica de la enfermedad, y esta aparición de autoanticuerpos tiende a seguir un curso predecible, con acumulación progresiva de autoanticuerpos específicos. Esta aparición consistentemente ordenada de autoanticuerpos, precediendo por varios años la aparición de la enfermedad clínica, apoya fuertemente las teorías de diseminación de epítopes en LES humano. Varios modelos múridos han tratado de reproducir la enfermedad humana utilizando cuerpos apoptóticos pero sin resultados contundentes. Un reciente modelo animal logra reproducir más fielmente la secuencia de autoanticuerpos y las manifestaciones clínicas del LES al utilizar a la β2GP-I como inmunógeno potenciado por una respuesta de célula T inducida por lipopolisacárido. Las micropartículas, rodeadas de fosfatidilserina y cargadas de material nuclear incluyendo DNA extracelular antigénicamente activo, son asimismo candidatas ideales para servir de plataforma para la diseminación de epítopes en un medio inflamatorio, con la posterior aparición secuencial de autoanticuerpos específicos patogénicos.

Palabras clave:
lupus eritematoso sistémico
apoptosis
micropartículas
β2 glicoproteína I
diseminación del epítope
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by loss of tolerance to selfantigens leading to the development of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and organ damage. During apoptosis, immune system is exposed to multiple nuclear antigens and is thought that alterations in the removal of apoptotic bodies could start or perpetuate an autoimmune response. Another source of nuclear material exposed to extracellular medium are called microparticles, which are released from various cells not only during apoptosis but also during cell activation or mechanical stress. It has been shown that patients with SLE already have autoantibodies several years before clinical phase of disease, and this appearance of autoantibodies tends to follow a predictable course, with progressive accumulation of specific autoantibodies. This steadily orderly appearance of autoantibodies preceding for several years the onset of clinical disease strongly supports theories of spreading epitopes in human SLE. Several mouse models have tried to replicate the human disease using apoptotic bodies but without conclusive results. A recent animal model can reproduce more closely the sequence of autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of SLE using the β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP-I) as an immunogen powered by a lipopolysaccharide induced T cell response. Microparticles, surrouded by phosphatidylserie and nuclear material loaded including antigenically active extracellular DNA, are also ideal candidates to serve as a platdorm for the epitopes dissemination in an inflammatory environment, with subsequent sequential appearance of pathogenic specific antibodies.

Key words:
systemic lupus erythematosus
apoptosis
microparticles
β2 glycoprotein I
epitope spreading
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* Los autores declaran no presentar ningún conflicto de interés al momento de la redacción del manuscrito.

Copyright © 2012. Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología
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