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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) Lower limb arterial thrombosis due to biopolymer injection: A case report
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Vol. 31. Issue 2.
Pages 264-267 (April - June 2024)
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Vol. 31. Issue 2.
Pages 264-267 (April - June 2024)
Case Report
Lower limb arterial thrombosis due to biopolymer injection: A case report
Trombosis arterial de miembros inferiores por inyección de biopolímeros: reporte de caso
Milly J. Vecino-Morenoa, Álvaro J. Vivasb, Gabriel J. Tobónc, David Aguirre-Valenciad,e,
Corresponding author
david.aguirre@fvl.org.co

Corresponding author.
a Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
b Department of Research and Innovation, Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
c Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USA
d Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Research in Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Translational Medicine, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
e Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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Abstract
Introduction

Demand of biopolymer injections has steadily increased in the last decade. Complications associated with this procedure can be innocuous or even life-threatening, presenting from immediately to years later, locally or systemically, with mechanical, inflammatory, or autoimmune characteristics.

Objectives

To present a rare manifestation of an increasing health problem, clinicians must be attentive to this kind of complication.

Materials and methods

Clinical and laboratory data were searched from the clinical history; informed consent was obtained, and the Ethics Committee of Fundación Valle del Lili reviewed and approved this study. We report a patient who presented long-standing symptoms but only consulted after the onset of an acute lower limb arterial thrombosis that could have been fatal without rapid intervention. Ischemia was secondary to arterial obstruction related to biopolymer migration.

Results

A femoral and popliteal embolectomy was performed in which severe soft tissue fibrosis and encapsulated bodies were observed. The patient received thromboprophylaxis and low-dose oral glucocorticoid presenting a favorable evolution.

Conclusions

This substance probably acted as a foreign body and triggered an inflammatory reaction with a subsequent state of hypercoagulability, fibrosis, and nodule formation.

Keywords:
Arterial thrombosis
Biopolymers
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants
Foreign material
Resumen
Introducción

La demanda de inyecciones de biopolímeros ha aumentado constantemente en la última década. Las complicaciones asociadas con este procedimiento pueden ser inocuas o incluso potencialmente mortales; se presentan desde inmediatamente hasta años después, local o sistémicamente, con características mecánicas, inflamatorias o autoinmunes.

Objetivos

Presentar una rara manifestación de un problema de salud creciente; los médicos deben estar atentos a este tipo de complicación.

Materiales y métodos

Los datos clínicos y de laboratorio se buscaron en la historia clínica; se obtuvo el consentimiento informado y el Comité de Ética de la Fundación Valle del Lili revisó y aprobó este estudio. Reportamos un paciente que presentaba síntomas de larga evolución, pero que solo consultó tras el inicio de una trombosis arterial aguda de miembros inferiores que podría haber sido mortal de no ser por una intervención rápida. La isquemia fue secundaria a obstrucción arterial relacionada con la migración de biopolímeros.

Resultados

Se realizó embolectomía femoral y poplítea en la que se observó fibrosis severa de partes blandas y cuerpos encapsulados. El paciente recibió tromboprofilaxis y glucocorticoides orales a dosis bajas, y presentó evolución favorable.

Conclusiones

Esta sustancia probablemente actuó como un cuerpo extraño y desencadenó una reacción inflamatoria con un posterior estado de hipercoagulabilidad, fibrosis y formación de nódulos.

Palabras clave:
Trombosis arterial
Biopolímeros
Enfermedades autoinmunes
Síndrome autoinmune/inflamatorio inducido por adyuvantes
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