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Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología
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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Factores pronósticos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia discal lumbar
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Vol. 48. Issue 5.
Pages 351-356 (January 2004)
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Vol. 48. Issue 5.
Pages 351-356 (January 2004)
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Factores pronósticos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia discal lumbar
Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of lumbar disk herniation
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J.E. González-Pedrouzo
Corresponding author
egonzalez@hsan.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII. C/ Doctor Mallafre Guasch, 4. 43007 Tarragona.
, A. Marsol-Puig, R. Huguet-Comelles, E. Provinciale-Fatsini, J. Giné-Goma
Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Departament de Medicina i Cirugía. Tarragona
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Introducción

La discectomía simple a cielo abierto es el tratamiento de elección en pacientes que presentan una hernia discal lumbar. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar el resultado de los pacientes operados con esta técnica e identificar parámetros preoperatorios que podamos correlacionar con los malos resultados a largo plazo.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Se analizan 70 pacientes intervenidos con la técnica de discectomía simple a cielo abierto, con un seguimiento medio de 8 años. Se realiza una valoración clínica preoperatoria y postoperatoria según el test de Oswestry y escala visual analógica del dolor. Utilizamos preoperatoriamente la radiología simple y la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) para analizar la presencia de signos degenerativos y correlacionarlos con los malos resultados.

Resultados

La media del test de Oswestry preoperatoriamente fue del 69,46% y postoperatoriamente del 30,46%. La escala visual analogica fue de 7 y 3,3 puntos, pre y postoperatoriamente, respectivamente. En la valoracion radiologica preoperatoria objetivamos osteofitos (25%), inestabilidad (32%), estenosis osea lateral (22%) y degeneracion discal (30%). La reincorporacion laboral se produjo en el 71% de los casos. Se reintervinieron el 17,14% (12 pacientes), con un tiempo medio desde la discectomia de 4,6 anos. De los pacientes reintervenidos el 83,33% presentaban algun signo degenerativo preoperatorio y el 29,31% de los no reintervenidos; se establecio una correlacion estadisticamente significativa (p . 0,05 prueba exacta de Fisher) entre signos degenerativos preoperatorios y reintervencion. El unico antecedente asociado de forma significativa a reintervencion posterior fue la degeneracion discal, con un riesgo relativo de 6,55 (IC 95% 1,96-21,85).

Conclusiones

Se obtiene un buen resultado clinico con la discectomia simple. La presencia de signos degenerativos condiciona una mala evolución clínica y una mayor frecuencia de reintervenciones. La presencia de signos degenerativos preoperatorios no es buena indicación de discectomía simple.

Palabras clave:
hernia discal lumbar
discectomía
signos degenerativos
factores pronóstico
Introduction

Simple open diskectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with lumbar disk herniation. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of patients who undergo surgery with this new technique and identify preoperative parameters that correlate with poor long-term results.

Materials and methods

Descriptive retrospective study. Seventy patients who underwent simple open diskectomy and had a mean follow-up of 8 years were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessment was carried out using the Oswestry test and Visual Analog Scale for pain. Preoperatively we used simple radiology and CT scan to detect degenerative signs and correlate them with poor results.

Results

The mean Oswestry score was 69.46% before surgery and 30.46% after surgery. The VAS score was 7 and 3.3 points before and after surgery, respectively. The preoperative radiologic assessment revealed osteophytes (25%), instability (32%), lateral osseous stenosis (22%), and disk degeneration (30%). In 71% of cases, patients were able to return to work. Reoperation was necessary in 17.14% (12 patients), with a mean time from diskectomy to reoperation of 4.6 years. Of the patients reoperated, 83.33% presented some degenerative sign before surgery versus 29.31% of the patients not reoperated. There was a statistically significant correlation (p.0,05, Fisher exact test) between preoperative degenerative signs and reoperation. The only history significantly associated with later reoperation was disk degeneration, with a relative risk of 6.55 (95% CI 1.96-21.85).

Conclusions

Simple diskectomy yields good clinical results. The presence of degenerative signs is associated to a poor clinical evolution and greater frequency of reoperation. In the presence of degenerative signs before surgery, simple diskectomy may not be a satisfactory option.

Key words:
lumbar disk herniation
diskectomy
degenerative signs
prognostic factors
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT)
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