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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Osteonecrosis del astrágalo y leucemia linfoblástica aguda
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Vol. 50. Issue 4.
Pages 302-306 (January 2006)
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Vol. 50. Issue 4.
Pages 302-306 (January 2006)
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Osteonecrosis del astrágalo y leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Talar osteonecrosis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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M.J. Sirera Vercher
Corresponding author
jsirerav@comv.es

Correspondencia: C/ Altea 21, 12.o 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant. Alacant. Correo electrónico:
, F. López Prats, B. Cutillas Ybarra
Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología del Hospital Clínic Universitari de Sant Joan d’Alacant. Alicante
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Introducción

La necrosis ósea avascular es una patología infrecuente en la población infantil. El aumento de la supervivencia de los niños que han sido tratados de leucemia linfoblástica aguda ha provocado que nos hallemos ante un grupo de pacientes en fase de crecimiento con un elevado riesgo de osteonecrosis inducida por glucocorticoides.

Caso clínico

Niño de 9 años diagnosticado de leucemia linfoblástica aguda que desarrolló un cuadro compatible con necrosis avascular del astrágalo izquierdo a los 16 meses de iniciado el tratamiento antileucémico. El diagnóstico de confirmación se realizó mediante biopsia. Se indicó descarga absoluta y fisioterapia. La evolución de la sintomatología fue satisfactoria desapareciendo el dolor al mes de realizada la biopsia. Tras 6 años de seguimiento el paciente presenta una disminución de la movilidad del tobillo y una degeneración de las articulaciones tibioastragalina y astragaloescafoidea.

Conclusiones

La administración de altas dosis de glucocorticoides en niños puede provocar necrosis óseas. Es fundamental la sospecha clínica para un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces.

Palabras clave:
leucemia linfoblástica aguda
osteonecrosis
astrágalo
niño
Introduction

Avascular bone necrosis is an unusual pathology in the pediatric population. The increasing survival rate of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia has confronted us with a group of patients in their growth phase who present with a high risk of developing glucocorticoidinduced osteonecrosis.

Clinical case

The patient was a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed a disease compatible with left talar avascular necrosis 16 months after he had been put on antileukemic treatment. Confirmation diagnosis was made through a biopsy. No weight-bearing was allowed and physical therapy was indicated. The evolution of symptoms was satisfactory, with pain disappearing a month after the biopsy had been performed. In her 6-month follow-up, the patient showed a reduction in the mobility of his ankle as well as a degeneration in the tibial-talar and talar-scaphoid joints.

Conclusions

The administration of high doses of glucocorticoids to children can provoke bone necroses. Clinical suspicion is fundamental for early diagnosis and treatment.

Key words:
leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
osteonecrosis
talus
child
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Cirugia Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT)
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